Pride of Paradise Lost’s Satan and Dr Faustus Essay

â€Å"Pride and worse ambition threw me down†(4.40) says Satan in John Milton’s Paradise Lost. This short and simple confession hides several deep meanings and significant messages to humankind. That is because it is not only Satan who stumbles by the sin of pride. Satan is the tempter and foe of mankind, and he imposes his own ill traits on mankind while trying to draw him to the depths of hell. That is, like Satan human may think highly of himself though he is not. In Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus presents an impressive example of how limitless human is in swelling with pride. Pride was a common theme during Renaissance and, both Milton and Marlowe demonstrated how it can lead a catastrophe. Pride is the reason why both Satan and Doctor Faustus turns against God, cannot repent despite their regret, and eventually destructed and punished by God. Firstly, it is pride, their common trait, which leads Satan in Doctor Faustus to rebel against God. When we look at Satan’s situation he is in the Heaven as well as other angels, so what makes him to be fallen from there? God creates Son and makes him His most favorite one, and puts him in a higher position than Satan and other angels are. This is the point when Satan becomes Satan. He is jealous of Son because his pride makes him suppose that he should be the superior, the most beloved and valued. In lines 686-690 (Book 6), he says, â€Å"for they weened/ That selfsame day by fight, or by surprise/ To win the Mount of God, and on His throne/ To set the envier of His State, the proud /Aspirer†. These lines are an example of how his pride makes him an â€Å"aspirer† to God. However, we can see his desire for superiority when he, disguised as a serpent, and trying to deceive Eve; he says, â€Å"Look on me! /Me who have touched and tasted yet both live /And life mo re perfect have attained than fate /Meant me, by vent’ring higher than my Lot.† He teems with the idea of â€Å"a more perfect life,† and he tries to contaminate others with the same idea. His uneasiness is not only with Son, but he is unsatisfactory with God as well. Eventually, he rebels against God and be placed in Hell. As Milton starts medias res, the adventure of Satan, actually, begins when he is fallen in Hell. His fatal pride and ambition leads him to claim battle with God; he is so blinded with ambition that he cannot see his limitations. In this sense, he behaves  naively in spite of his heroic characteristic, and he is so proud of his army that he never thinks he will be defeated. For example, â€Å"How such united force of gods, how such/ As stood like these, could ever know repulse?† Here, he thinks a strong force as his will never know â€Å"repulse†. Another praise of his army is between the lines 631-634 (Book 1): â€Å"For who can yet believe, though after loss, /That all these puissant legions whose exile /Hath emptied Heav’n shall fail to re-ascend,/ Self-raised, and repossess their native seat?† He thinks so highly of his army that they surely will get their seats back in the Heaven. In short, Satan’s pride does not only lead her to rebel but also to fight with God. When we look at Doctor Faustus, though he is a human; that means he is son of Adam and enemy of Satan, he follows the paths of Satan and his pride gives rise to other sins; as a result his relation with God is broken. Doctor Faustus is a scientist who is obsessed with the idea of conjuring; however, his greatest sin is pride, which is the greatest of seven deadly sins and the one leading others. Before the play begins the Chorus tells us his pride: â€Å"Till swollen with cunning, of a self conceit† (page 1, 1.0.20). He is so proud of himself that he becomes self- conceit. Due to his pride, Doctor Faustus searches knowledge beyond human realm for power. Thus, pride brings greed, which is not just for knowledge but also for wealth. He believes thorough magic he will be richer; he says, â€Å"†A world of profit and delight, Of power, of honor, of omnipotence† (page 5, 1.1.1-2). Eventually, he makes a deal with devil and trades his soul for knowledge. Making a deal with Devil means to defy God, because he is not satisfied with what God has given him. Doctor Faustus regards himself on a higher level than devils and hell; â€Å" I charge thee to return and change thy shape,/ Thou art too ugly to attend on me; (scene 3, 23-24). He thinks nothing will happen to him; â€Å"Come, I think hell’s a fable†. His challenge with God progresses throughout the play; he supposes he is more deserving the special dish than the Pope; â€Å"POPE: My Lord, here is a dainty dish was sent to me from the bishop of Milan. FAUSTUS: I thank you, sir. [snatch it] (scene 7, 62-64)† This behavior to Pope is a disrespect to God as well. He goes further and declares he can be â€Å"Great Emperor of the world,† able to â€Å"Make a bridge through the moving air,† which is a clear defiance to God. Secondly, even  the Despair of Doctor Faustus is another aspect of his pride, which prevents him from prevent as Satan’s pr ide suggests God will not forgive him. Both characters feel regret from time to time; Good Angels ask Dr Faustus to repent and give chance to release from his deal with Lucifer, on the other hand; Satan struggles with Despair throughout the epic. However, they are so blinded with pride that anything good has no meaning to them. We can see Satan’s sorrow in these lines: , â€Å"†¦for now the thought/Both of lost happiness and lasting pain/Torments him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (1.55-56). Yet, his pride overcomes his regret: â€Å"All is not lost; the unconquerable Will,/ And courage never to submit or yield:/ And what is else not to be overcome? / That Glory never shall his wrath or might/ Extort from me.† Another time when he thinks of reconciliation he immediately gives up, â€Å"say I could repent and could obtain/By act of grace my former state; how soon/Would height recall high thoughts† (4, 93-95). Similarly, in his encounters with Good Angels, Doctor Faustus is tempted by his pride and believes no need to doubt because nothing can hurt him â€Å"FAUSTUS. What god can hurt thee, Faustus? Thou art safe, /Cast no more doubts. (scene 5, 25-26). In Paradise Lost, Satan decides it is too late to repent because of his pride (4. 80-82); in a Satanic way Doctor Faustus believes when Devil tells him it is too late to repent. Both cannot see the power and mercy of God because they have already refused His grace before. Thirdly, both Satan and Doctor Faustus encounter punishment, and fall from grace of God; that is their pride prepares their tragic end. Firstly, when we look at Satan’s situation we see that his pride caused him to fall two times. At first, his pride leads him to envy Son, and he is punished by casted off to Hell. His first fall; â€Å"â€Å"Him the Almighty Power/ Hurled headlong flaming from the ethereal sky/ With hideous ruin and combustion down / To bottomless perdition, there to dwell (44) As Milton begins medias res he focuses on the second flaw. He does not choose the way to repent, instead; his pride grows to such an extent that he claims battle over God. Inevitably, he is defeated at last though his achievement to cause Adam and Eve to be exiled from Paradise. Satan’s attempts due to his pride and his fall is clearly explained in these lines; â€Å"â€Å"To set himself in glory above his peers,/ He trusted to have equaled the Most High, / If he opposed; and with ambitious aim/ Against the throne and monarchy of God, / Raised impious was in Heaven and battle proud /With vain attempt.†(39-44). Even  Satan himself confesses the reason of his fall â€Å"†pride and worse ambition threw me down† (4, 40). † Secondly, when we look at Doctor Faustus his fall due to his pride and how he follows the paths of Satan is foreshadowed at the beginning; when he inquires Satan, Mephastophilis replies â€Å"O, by aspiring pride and insolence / For which God threw him from the face of Heaven. (scene 3, 66- 68). That demonstrates why Satan has fallen and implies how Doctor Faustus, who makes a deal with Satan, will fall. Before that, in prologue the Chorus explicitly suggests he will fall due to his pride: â€Å"Till, swollen with cunning, of a self conceit, /His waxen wings did mount above his reach,/ And melting heavens conspired his overthrow. (prologue,18-22). In conclusion, a heavenly character and a human being intersect in their characteristics, flaws, and ends. Satan in Paradise Lost and Doctor Faustus in Marlowe’s play swell with pride; the former claiming himself an enemy to God, and the latter denying the power of God. Both, inability to repent, allow their pride, to become excessive and bring their downfall.

Good People… Are Good Because They’re Come to Wisdom Through Failure

According to the critical lens by William Saroyan, â€Å"Good people†¦ are good because they’re come to wisdom through failure. † In other words that a person can learn from mistakes and become a better person. Two literary works that agree with this statement are The Lord of the Flies, by William Golding and One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey. The novel by William Golding, The Lord of the Flies reveals with a person can learn from mistakes and become a better person. The setting took place on an uninhabited island. Ralph was characterized as the oldest of the boys, handsome, and confident. Piggy can be characterized as the logic on the island. Jack Merridew an aggressive boy who became the leader of the tribe after Ralph’s failure. Piggy trying to preach the rules to everyone and Roger rolls a boulder at him and kills him. Ralph witnessed Piggy’s death and ran away. From this point on Ralph discovered through Piggy’s death, that it was useless trying to reason with Jack’s tribe. Ralph ran and hides from them. As a result, Ralph learned through Piggy’s mistakes and stayed alive. William Saroyan implies that a person can learn from mistakes and become a better person. One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey reveals with the statement. We can learn from mistakes and become a better person. The story takes place in a mental institution in the Pacific Northwest. The narrator of the novel is chief Bromden, also known as chief Broom; a half staff assumes is deaf and dumb. Randall Patrick McMurphy is a new patient who came from a work farm. He suggested a party, but got cought by the Big Nurse. He received a lobotomy. Chief learned from McMurphy. At the end, he escaped the hospital and returning to society to battle the combine. In both novels The Lord of the Flies by William Golding, and One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey reveal the statement that we can learn from mistakes and become a better person. Both main characters learn from other mistakes and become a better person.

Devolution ( public law ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Devolution ( public law ) - Essay Example 2005), has made clear that the government’s proposal to introduce a drink ban on public transport would help curb alcohol-related disorder alongside a range of other measures. With 23,000 incidents of alcohol-fuelled violence each week with relevant elevated alcohol consumption trends (Leifman, 2001), the agency has proposed that existing laws are enforced to reduce the incidence of alcohol-related violence on the streets and on public transportation. England’s objective of reducing harm caused by alcohol misuse is recognised and focuses on the prevention, minimisation and management of the harms caused by alcohol misuse. These measures addressed in its objectives aims to identify alcohol misuse and the enforcement of existing powers against crime and disorder and promotion of responsible drinking. Under the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (CDA98) and Crime and Disorder Reduction Partnerships (CDRPs) the partnership of both agencies are held responsible in the consideration of crime and disorder issues in their own core activities that improve safety and security in local neighborhoods. Criminal Justice Boards and Youth Offending and the Drug and Alcohol Action Teams shall be a voluntary forum for coordination of local priorities. They are tasked to bring together the key local agencies with an interest in reducing the harms caused by alcohol misuse: the health service, the criminal justice system and the local authority. With support of the Scottish Executive for a complete ban in on alcohol consumption in public places, (The Herald, July 19, 2006) the proposal, has spawned public outburst. Festivities organizers and popular across Wales and Scotland and gaming grounds personnel rallied against the ban with arguments pointed out that such is breach on human rights while legislative proposals control the sale and purchase of alcohol (Scotland Bill on Alcohol). It is apparent that Scottish culture towards drinking in a study (SSA, 2004) has

The different views of marriage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The different views of marriage - Essay Example The sonnets rank among the finest love lyrics in the English language. The subject of the sonnets – love and the beloved, their soft music and the occasional graceful turn of phrase earn them an elevated place in English literature. A bit more about the title of the sonnet collection, Mrs. Browning was not Portugese, but she was a pronounced brunette, which is why her husband referred to her as â€Å"my little Portugese†. When she compiled her love poems in book form, she remembered the nickname and gave them the title â€Å"Sonnets from the Portugese†. One of the sonnets, Sonnet XLIII, often called â€Å"How Do I Love Thee† is hereby reproduced: Mrs. Browning’s Sonnet XLIII has been called the greatest love lyric in English and many readers would agree. The spontaneity and extent to which the persona in the poem experiences the emotion of love is very clear and evident from the beginning. In the poem, she expresses the fact that love encompasses her whole being and her whole life. Looking into her biography, the reader discovers that she led an active child’s life until one day, in trying to saddle her pony, she fell and suffered an injury that made her a partial invalid for years. In 1816, however, she married the poet Robert Browning and went with him to live in Florence, Italy, where her health improved and where their only son was born. Apparently, marriage and a more cheerful outlook towards life agreed with her and did her a lot of good. Line 9 of the poem would attest to this: â€Å"I love with a passion put to use Not all marriages are as perfect and ecstatic as that of the Brownings. In an analysis of short story that ensues, â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, the negative side of marriage is presented. On the outset, however, the reader is kept guessing (Is the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard, a happily-married

Strategic Management of Mango Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic Management of Mango - Essay Example The company has recently introduced two new product lines, an initiative that is consistent with the company’s innovative image. Through these new product lines, the company is hoped to triumph the marketplace. Mango is a company that is characterised by strong corporate values and beliefs. These values and beliefs, translated in the company’s corporate strategy have been instrumental in the company’s effort to fight off competition and to ensure its survivability in tremendous economic crisis. The company in its years of operation has been able to develop effective communication systems and business processes. The company has used the rapidly evolving technology to its advantage by adopting these technological advancements in its business processes. Although the company is in a far better position than its competitors, but some of its biggest rivals like ZARA have successfully managed to build a business model that has allowed it to be highly responsive to its e nvironment, along with nimble and flexible operational design. These capabilities of ZARA have made it the market leader of this industry, but Mango, in no ways can be classified as a company which is far behind its market leader. The company has a very efficient logistics system that is augmenting its strong suppliers and distributions network. The company uses its own stores and franchises to reach out to its customers; however, recently the company has started using its website to further penetrate into the online market. The company has also launched two new product lines, one targeting men and the other targeting VIPs. These new product lines along with a mature product line of female wear are presumed to generate the future profitability of the company. Advantages of the Business Model of Mango: The most important aspects of the company’s business model have been its logistics system. This system has proved to be a defining point for the company. This logistics system h as helped the company to deliver its finished goods from production centres to distribution centres in 4 days. Even though this is not better than ZARA’s four day delivery system but still it is very close to the best practice of the industry leader. The company has a strong network of professionals, who are working very hard to anticipate the future of the company’s market. Other than this the training methods of the company for the point of sale employees has been very effective in creating customer loyalty. Mango has been very effective when it comes to managing its relationship with its suppliers, who are spread across the globe. The systems in place have been very helpful in integrating the value chain of Mango with its suppliers and other channel partners. The most important reason for company’s success has been its ability to take innovative initiatives. Recently the company has initiated a method through which it would cut out its distribution activity f rom its value chain. In this initiative the manufactured products would be directly sent to the company’s selling points without going to the distribution centres, this means that these finished products would leave directly from the manufacturers’ factory to the stores. This will enable the company to implement its cost cutting strategy with greater

Grievance Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Grievance Process - Essay Example Conciliation Service under the Department of Labor in 1918. In 1935, the National Labor Relations Act created the National Labor Relations Board or NLRB (FMCS, 2008). This Board, in its decisions on the Collyer Insulated Wire, 192 NLRB 837 (1971); and Dubo Manufacturing Corp., 142 NLRB 431 (1963) cases expressed the national labor policy to require parties to honor their contractual obligations and resolve their disputes through their collectively bargained grievance-arbitration mechanisms (NLRB, 2008). Since then, the grievance procedure as articulated in what is now known as the Collyer doctrine, a doctrine in labor law under which the National Labor Relations Board will defer an issue brought before it for arbitration if the issue can be resolved under the collectively bargained grievance procedure, has consistently been referred to in labor mediation decisions (Dictionary.com, n.d.). And thus, the concept of a grievance procedure was instituted. The goals of a grievance procedure are to channel conflict into an institutionalized mechanism for peaceful resolution; facilitate communication between labor and management regarding problems that arise in a collective bargaining relationship; enable employees to complain with dignity knowing that there is a system of appeals leading to an impartial decision-maker; and enforce compliance with the terms and conditions negotiated by the parties (SPFPA, 2008). It also provides a first step alternative in conflict resolution rather than going through expensive, time-consuming and negatively publicized lawsuits for both employees and employers. A lot of grievances are caused by a simple misunderstanding which may be quickly resolved through a simple negotiation. A grievance procedure for such incidences saves time, money, and the relationship between the parties especially if issues are handled by those

Compere and contrast the presidential and parliamentary institutional Essay

Compere and contrast the presidential and parliamentary institutional structures in Canada and the U.S includes executive, legislature and judiciary - Essay Example Every country in the world operates either a parliamentary system of governance, or a presidential one. In history, these two governance structures can be traced back to the United Kingdom and the United States of America (Antonio, 2007). While the former practices the parliamentary system, the latter is governed by a presidential system. So what are the similarities and differences between the two? We shall first discuss the parliamentary system followed by the presidential system. We shall then highlight their similarities and differences. The parliamentary system of governance, as earlier mentioned, is a system that has been successfully implemented in the United Kingdom, as well as in some of its former colonies. Historically, under this system, the law was understood to be any word that came from either the King or the queen. Power was vested in either of the two and their word was the law. However, this changed over time. The English Civil War is feted for effecting changes such as the shifting of power from the King or Queen to the Parliament. As such, the royalty position is now ceremonial (Bergman, 2006). So how does this structure of governance operate? Under this system, the Parliament is vested with the power of controlling all the duties, deliberations, and functions of Government. They thus create a system of checks and balances to monitor the functions of Government. Members of Parliament (MPs), who are also representatives of the people, are elected into office by the people. The elected members take up executive functions in government. The Prime Minister, who is the head of government, is entirely dependent on Parliament when making decisions such as the selection of Ministers from the 446 MPs who are elected to Parliament (Antonio, 2007). Ministers are selected based on their loyalty to their respective

Challenges in Managing Talent - Part II Assignment

Challenges in Managing Talent - Part II - Assignment Example It is therefore very important that even if changes will take place, stakeholders will always plan into the long term rather than looking at only immediate needs of the organization. Dear friend, indeed all areas of your presentation are very discerning. However, one area I would like to emphasize on most has to do with the implication for changes to talent management functions within the organization. I have a very strong personal feeling that whatever the outcome with the changes turns to be depends on what goes into the implementation of the change. It was therefore very refreshing to read that you share this same opinion. Based on what has been studied in literature, quote (year) posited that there is nothing like an outright right or wrong change to talent management functions. This is because there are times that changes will certainly be required to fill vacant positions. With this assertion in mind, I will base on personal experience from my workplace where changes at the finance department failed but that at the public relations succeeded to state that, where there is poor planning for changes, the implications are always

Practical critical essay on Jude Part 6 Ch.2. Essay Example for Free

Practical critical essay on Jude Part 6 Ch.2. Essay Little Father Time has just hanged himself and the other two children. Jude and Sue have just come across this scene of horror. Hardy cuts upon the floor, on which was written, in the boys hand, with the bit into short segments with commas giving the narration a breathless effect. It demonstrates Jude and Sues feelings towards the scene they have just witnessed. These commas also fashion the sentence as if it were being spoken by a child. There is no complex diction in this passage so it reflects the innocence of the children involved, which is quite a contrast from the adult and gothic language such as half paralyzed and grotesque and hideous horror used in the last paragraph. There is a pattern that emerges so whenever the narrator describes the scene (usually the most horrific parts), he uses simple, unadorned, monosyllabic words, i. e. the little bed, and placing the negative first no children were there. However, when describing the parents reaction, he uses more complicated and descriptive lexis. This gives rise to an unnerving, disturbing feeling for the reader. The note written to Jude and Sue by Little Father Time, Done because we are too menny explains clearly, why he had performed this task. This is a succinct, poignant note written with what is either no feeling whatsoever or overwhelming but repressed emotion. However, menny indicates the pure innocence and child-like quality of Little Father Time and it shows us the level of his education. Menny incorporates the word men and his ignorance of spelling may signify his ignorance of the ways of man. Perhaps in the word Done there is a resonance of Macbeths If it were done when tis done (Act I scene VII) emphasizing the horrific finality and decisiveness to Little Father Times actions. Sue provoked Little Father Time into reflecting along these lines of their being too many of them due to her conversation with him in the last few pages. He asks, It would almost be better to be out o the world than in it, wouldnt it?, and she off-handedly replies, It would almost, dear. This careless reply and its tragic ramification is a result of Sues narcissism and the solipsistic nature of both the parents towards Little Father Time. The language now becomes more elaborate and graphic as the children are no longer mentioned and the following paragraphs concern merely Jude and Sue. Sue realizes her careless words were responsible for Little Father Times actions. Her convulsive agony that knew no abatement is powerfully personified, and implies that she is in the grip of someone who refuses to let go. The syntax, ending in the stark phrase no abatement makes Sues feeling even more infinite and absolute. She is so distraught that the woman of the house is vainly trying to soothe her, with her eyes staring at the ceiling. She seems to be undergoing an out-of-body experience. She is not to go upstairs because her presence might do harm; the intensive shock may also lead to endangering a coming life, her unborn baby would be the only child left in her life. Sue confesses she believes herself responsible for this and Jude replies It was in his nature to do itunknown in the last generation: This is an allusion to a number of views and theories. Thomas Malthus published An essay on the principle of population in 1798. In it he argued against population growth. He believed that if one cannot afford to raise children, one should not bring them into the world. Jude quotes the doctor who says that such boys were not heard of in the last generation. Here, Darwins The Origin of Species (1859) is being alluded to. Darwin proved humans are not special creatures chosen by God, but instead, simply animals that are highly evolved and well adapted to their surroundings. Hardy stresses the way that Little Father Time had struck at the conventional views of Victorian family life and instead of having the typical morals of a little boy, believed that survival was more important than family values. I believe that Little Father Time is in a sense more highly evolved than Jude Jude attempted to commit suicide and failed. Little Father Time however, did so he is a child brought up without love. The use of the words springing up make this new type of child seem linked to regeneration, growth, felicity and seasonality, but in fact they bring death and are the product of new views of life. Of course Sue herself is a product of such views which perhaps have affected Little Father Time subconsciously. He never shows any signs of hope, happiness, excitement and general strong emotions until his last conversation with Sue, and even then he gives us no impression that he is going to murder his brother and sister and commit suicide. The child is an example of the coming universal wish not to live Jude states bleakly. This phrase demonstrate the thematic pessimism in the narrative, the apocalyptical nature of Little Father Time, and the fast approaching, universal nihilistic views of the end of the century. At the end of Judes version of the doctors analysis of Little Father Time, the text ends with an aposiopesis: consolations to -. Judes composure cracks. Ironically, Jude stops short just as he mentions, (the doctor) can give no consolation, the phrase no consolation extends Hardys apocalyptic theme of lack of hope. We find out Jude has composed himself for Sue, but could do so no longer, and in her efforts to comfort him, distracted her from her poignant self-reproach. Hardy describes what Sue sees when she is allowed to finally see the children. Little Father Times face expressed the whole tale of their situation which is clearly, death, despair, struggle, lack of love, and lack of hope. Linking the boys face to their situation describes them both perfectly well without describing either. The use of simple, unadorned language describing the boy as a little shape shows us that the small boy is not yet defined, he is not yet delineated; he dies young and unformed. Hardy writes that in Little Father Time he had converged all the inauspiciousness of Jude. The childs corpse conveyed the suggestion of the tragedy, despair and death that was looming in his relationship with Arabella, as well all the accidents errors of the last; the potent and tragic element of fate is stressed. Little Judes description as his parents nodal point demonstrates that he is an entanglement where inauspiciousness and the lack of love have become enmeshed. The paragraph concludes with a tricolon, For the rashness of those parents he had groaned, for their ill-assortment he has quaked, and for the misfortunes of these he had died. This relates to Judes relationships with Arabella and Sue, and Little Father Times short life; it is a conclusive and tragic summation of Little Father Times short life and tragic end. This scene hints at Hardys disaffection with God, and when Jude and Sue overhear the psalm Truly God is loving unto Israel we realize this disaffection is very tangible.

Community Health Partnerships Essay Example for Free

Community Health Partnerships Essay Community: Social groups of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, share government, and often have a common cultural and historical heritage. A social, religious, occupational, or other group sharing common characteristics or interest and perceived or perceiving itself as distinct in some respect from the larger society within which it exist ( Stanhope Lancaster, 2012). Community Health: Refers to the health status of a defined group of people, or community, and the actions and conditions that protect and improve the health of the community. Those individuals who make up a community live in a somewhat localized area under the same general regulations, norms, values, and organizations. For example, the health status of the people living in a particular town, and the actions taken to protect and improve the health of these residents would constitute community health (Green Ottoson, 1999). ). Community Health is the meeting of collective needs by identifying problems and managing behaviors within the community itself and between the community and the larger society (Stanhope Lancaster, 2012). Community as Client: The concept of community as client is based on the assumption that community nursing practice is â€Å"community oriented,† seeking â€Å"healthful change for the whole community. The community is a client only when the nursing focus is on the collective of common good of the population instead of on individual health (Stanhope Lancaster, 2012). Community Health Partnerships: defines as voluntary collaborations of diverse community organizations, which have joined forces in order to pursue a shared interest in improving community health. Community Health Partnerships differ from traditional community organizations in their mix of public and private members and they diverge from grass roots organizations with their inclusion of multiple constituents and stakeholders. (McKenzie Smeltzer, 1997) Lay community members have a vested interest in the success of efforts to improve the health of their community. Lay community members who are recognized as community leaders also possess credibility and skills that health professionals lack. Therefore, successful strategies for improving  community health must include community partnerships as the basic means, or key, for improvement (Stanhope Lancaster, 2012). Overall impression of participating family’s community and environment is an inner suburb of New York City named Hackensack, New Jersey, a city in Bergan County, New Jersey. Located 12 miles north west of Midtown Manhattan and about seven miles from the George Washington Bridge, from a number of locations, you can see the New York City skyline. The Metropolitan campus of Fairleigh Dickinson University borders the Hackensack River. The city is known for a great diversity of neighborhoods and land uses existing in very close proximity of each other. Within its borders are a massive medical center, a trendy high-rise district about a mile long, classic suburban neighborhoods of single family homes, stately older homes on acre-plus lots, older two –family neighborhoods, large garden apartments complexes, industrial areas, the Bergan Count Jail, a tidal river, and Hackensack River County Park. Cultural Diversity and Vulnerable Populations present in the Community: The racial make-up of the city was White, African American, Native American, Asian, Pacific Islanders, Hispanic or Latino. My participating family consists of an African American woman C.R. 68 years young whose family lineage is African American and Dutch, shares a lovely suburban two- family home with her daughter K. R. who is 48 years young and her life partner S. M. who is thirty nine years young and a native of the British Virgin Islands. It is my understanding from the family that same sex households are most certainly part of the community as well as interracial couples. The home is very nicely decorated, well-kept and the grounds are well manicured. The fact that the younger ladies are a same sex couple makes them part of a vulnerable population. I asked â€Å"if there were any prejudice or pressure they feel from the neighborhood regarding their lifestyle†? They both responded there is no pressure or prejudice put upon them. I must mention the time I have begun to spend with them, talking and observing their behaviors with one another, I have to say,† there is more love between the two of them than some heterosexual couples have in their little finger for each other† and they are not embarrassed by their life style nor do they hide who they are. They are both beautiful people inside and out. Aspects of the Community that could affect residents’ health: The  factor in the community that could affect health is the fact that there are many industrial areas surrounding the communities. The chemicals, fumes, and gases that ar e put into the air of the community and inhaled by all potentially could be of danger to the community. The County Jail and the potential of escaped criminals pose a threat to the community; Flooding is a potential threat during hurricanes and storms. Reproductive and Sexual Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Health is relevant to the community in that the goal is to maintain and improve health and well-being. LGBT individuals encompass all races and ethnicities, religions, and social classes. Eliminating health disparities and enhancing efforts to improve health are necessary to ensure that LGBT individuals can lead long healthy lives (healthy 2020), REFERENCES: Green, L.W., Ottoson, J. M. (1999). Community and Population Health, (8th ed.) Boston: WCB/McGraw-Hill McKenzie, J. F., Smeltzer, J.L. (1997). Planning, Implementing and Evaluating Health Promotion Programs: A Primer; (2nd ed.), Boston: Allyn Bacon. Stanhope, M., Lancaster, J. (2008) (8th ed,). Population-Centered Health Care in the Community. St. Louis, MO. http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics

Distinctions Between Art and Pornography

Distinctions Between Art and Pornography Critically examine whether it is possible to distinguish convincingly between art and pornography Introduction The distinctions between art and pornography is one that the law has struggled with. There have been many attempts of defining the two by many art critics and authors. While there are indeed standard distinctions between art and pornography, there are still limitations behind these arguments. There is still an inevitable overlap between art and pornography that makes it difficult to easily distinguish between art and pornography. Classic distinctions between art and pornography Firstly, it may seem like it is possible to distinguish convincingly between art and pornography by relying on the classic distinctions. One of the main obvious differences is that pornography is explicit and objectifies people while art is subjective and relies on opinions from the viewer. This is supported by views from academics like Ann Eaton who posits that to enjoy porn, you have to objectify women (at least temporarily),[1] and one is unable to do this while simultaneously contemplating its artistic value.[2] This means that viewers of pornographic pictures will typically focus on the body parts involved in pornography while viewers of artwork will take the art piece as a whole and not to simply accept it at face value. Another classic distinction would depend on the response invoked from the viewer. If a work seems to be solely designed to arouse sexual response, then it is viewed as pornography. Art invites the viewer to appreciate the work and it is more than just a physiological response. Jerrold Levinson has mentioned that art is centrally aimed at aesthetic experience while pornography is solely aimed at sexual arousal.[3] He feels that the two are incompatible. In other words, the different response invoked by the viewer is what determines whether something is art or pornography. People generally perceive art as possessing an element of beauty and pornography as one that is non-aesthetic. Freud has once mentioned that ‘the genitals themselves, the sight of which is always exciting, are hardly ever regarded as beautiful.’[4] Critics like Roger Scruton has also said ‘the pornographic image is like a magic wand that turns subjects into objects, people into things – and thereby disenchants them, destroying the source of their beauty.’[5] George P. Elliot has defined pornography as ‘the representation of directly or indirectly erotic arts with an intrusive vividness which offends decency without aesthetic justification.’[6] This shows how some art critics feel strongly about pornography being strictly non-aesthetic as compared to art where its beauty is to be appreciated. Lynda Nead sees art as a sign of ‘cleanliness and licit morality’, where on the other hand pornography ‘symbolizes filth and the i llicit’.[7] She is of the strong opinion that art reflects high social values where pornography reflects the other spectrum of the society which is one that is rotten. Hans Mae is of the similar view of Lynda Nead as he mentions that ‘art is concerned with beauty, while pornography is non-aesthetic and â€Å"smutty†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. [8] This shows how pornography is stereotypically viewed as non-aesthetic pleasing and this is distinguished when comparing the beauty of art. Another difference between them is that there is the possibility of contemplation when looking at art and this is absent when viewing pornography. Schopenhauer has said that nudes prevent aesthetic contemplation as it inevitably excites lust and thus runs counter to the proper goals of art like aesthetic appreciation.[9] Kenneth Clark has mentioned to the Lord Longford committee on pornography that ‘art exists in the realm of contemplating, and is bound by some sort of imaginative transposition. The moment art becomes an incentive to action it loses its true character.’[10] This means that art requires one to enter the sphere of contemplation, if this is not possible, a subject cannot be deemed as art. Limitations of these classic distinctions However, while these classic distinctions may assist one in distinguishing between art and pornography, they are not without flaws. One can argue that there are inherent flaws in the arguments of the classic distinctions. It may be possible to objectify people while thinking about whether it is art simultaneously. An example of this would be the artwork â€Å"Arsewoman in Wonderland† by Fiona Banner. The gallery blurb states that Banner has ‘used pornographic film to explore sexuality and the extreme limits of written communication’.[11] This is one way where women are objectified and one can think about whether it is art at the same time. Ultimately, the age old adage where beauty is in the eye of the beholder can be applied to distinguishing art and pornography in terms of aesthetics. What could be considered as aesthetic pleasing to one may not be viewed as aesthetic pleasing to another. An example of this is the replica of Marcel Duchamp’s â€Å"Fountain† which consists of a standard urinal that is laid flat on its back. This certainly may not be viewed as aesthetically pleasing to some but it remains as one of his most famous artworks. This shows that this certain distinction may not always be effective in distinguishing the two. Other factors like culture play an important role in limiting or expanding the definition of both art and pornography. Previously, in September 2009, a photograph of 10 year old actress Brooke Shields, that consisted of her fully made up and naked was removed from Tate Modern’s exhibition at the time called â€Å"Pop Life†. However, now Art exhibitions like the Shunga exhibition[12] in the British Museum in 2014 portrays pornographic art pictures done by Japanese artists show how modern culture is becoming more accepting and liberal, thus expanding the informal definition of pornography. This shows how culture has evolved over the years in line with modern values and changes in perception. This means that it is challenging for there to be a fixed definition of pornography globally and the ever changing global culture makes it difficult to define ‘pornographic content’ in society. [13] The problem with art is that it is sometimes not seen as great until it i s looked at decades in advance. If art is classified as pornography immediately on its creation as is censored, one might not know how great art is. With the lack of a definition, it is inevitable that pornography and art inherently overlap in certain aspects. Instances where art and pornography inherently overlap Furthermore, while the distinctions may help to clarify the inherent differences between certain examples of art and pornography, it does not serve to show that pornography and art are fundamentally incompatible. The arguments set forth by the aforementioned academics do not show that art and pornography are mutually exclusive. Many artworks fall in the overlap between art and pornography. There are many works of pornography that possess features which supposedly disqualify pornography from the realm of art. If we use these classic distinctions exclusively, many art works may fall on the side of pornography. An example of a middle ground of art and pornography is pornographic art. This shows how the overlap of art and pornography is not necessarily a bad thing. Without this overlap. Many major works of art and literature may be lost due to its inability to be classified as art. For example, Lucian Fred’s highly explicit portraits of his nude subjects may be seen as pornography, but they are at the same time highly expressive.[14] Many of Rodein’s pornographic nude drawings like Hands on Her Sex or Naked Woman with Legs Apart which show drawings of female nudes masturbating has additional elements of it which can be perceived as expressive. In the case of literature, the novel Vox by Nicholson Baker has a pornographic stance but the intended sexual arousal gleaned from the reader is further enhanced by the literary features of the novel. This is an example of a novel that aims to be appreciated as pornographic art. [15] The sexual writing of Anais Nin emphasises strongly on sexual arousal but this is simultaneously done in order to bring to the attention of the reader her active consciousness and desires and her varying responses to certain people, feeling, and situations. [16] If we were to classify these examples as pornography, they would not be given the credit they deserve as great literary and art works. However, the issue of pornographic art has been highly contested by critics. Jerrold Levinson feels that pornography can never be classified as art of any kind. He uses the aforementioned example of Vox By Nicholson Baker and states that it only mimics and resembles pornography, and it is not pornography in its true form. He goes on to mention that he does not think that classifying pornography as art is a good idea as it ‘leaves no place for the category of erotic art as distinct from pornography’.[17] He feels the furthest one can go in relation to pornographic art is simply art that has a pornographic feature or look, pornographic art should not have a category of its own. This is not to say that there is no place for pornography in art. Tate Britain’s director, Stephen Deuchar has mentioned before that ‘much art is not comfortable’[18] which further proves that perhaps pornography can support art in the sense that it adds to the range and content of art. Many believe that the best new art allegedly infringes rules. Pornography can be used to invigorate more conventional art or question art’s susceptive work. Pornography can also serve to suggest transgression when art flies too safely to its own parameters. On the other hand, there are also disadvantages to pornography entering the artistic realm. Pornography can act as an assault and crush elevated art into being more ordinary. People often like art as it invokes reality, one can argue that visual pornography is often styled in a certain way that does not usually represent the greater part of one’s experience. Strict offences of pornography Perhaps one of the reasons why it is important to be able to distinguish effectively between pornography and art is that there are strict offences relating to pornography. Under the section 48 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003[19], it is an offence to cause or invite child prostitution or pornography. Child pornography is defined as ‘any representation of a child engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities or any representation of the sexual parts of a child for primarily sexual purposes’ (Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 2002)[20]. There have been high profile police investigations like Operation Ore that led to the investigation of thousands of people in relation to possession of child pornography and downloading and making child pornography on the internet.[21] The operation was one of a very large magnitude. This reflects how serious and widespread the offences relating to child pornography is. Hence, there is a need to distin guish between pornography and art in order for child pornographic offences to be rightly convicted. Another offence under pornography is the possession of extreme pornographic images under section 63 of the Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008[22]. Extreme pornography is low on morality and context, proscribing both bestiality and necrophilia. The case that was arguably the expedient basis for the need for this legislation involved Jane Longhurst[23] who was asphyxiated by Graham Coutts in 2003 in a ‘sex game’ that he claimed went wrong. Coutts’ habitual use of pornographic internet sites that featured woman in sexual activities involving death and strangulation was seen as attributing to his perverted view in relation to sexual acts. These serious crimes involving pornography shows that the law views it as a strict matter and hence it can be argued that it is important for pornography and art to be distinguished in order for these offences to be regulated effectively. Inevitably, the different attempts of defining pornography brings to mind certain legal descriptions of obscenity There has been varying attempts of defining pornography many numerous art critics. Authors like Fred Berger has mentioned that he thinks pornography involves work ‘which explicitly depicts sexual activity or arousal in a manner having little or no artistic or literary value’.[24] A definition like this inevitably reminds one of certain legal descriptions of obscenity. For example, the Miller test in the USA, fleshed out in Miller v California[25] states that for something to be obscene it has to be found appealing to the prurient interest, depicts sexual conduct and taken as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political or scientific value. Roth[26] suggested that all art should be saved if it had redeeming qualities. The Miller test is problematic to the definition of pornography as it seems to merge both the idea of pornography and obscenity as one. Critics like John Huer (Art, Beauty, and Pornography) have raised the idea that pornography seems to be a subset o f obscenity, as the category of obscenity is wider as it includes many non-sexual instances. This once again reiterates the fact that the lack of a proper definition for pornography creates certain obstacles in obscenity law. Conclusion In conclusion, while it may seem like a somewhat simple task to effectively distinguish between art and pornography, one will soon realise it is not as easy as it seems due to the inevitable overlap of art and pornography and the limitations of the arguments. The current lack of definition for pornography has problems as mentioned previously. Perhaps with a possible definition of pornography in the future, art and pornography will be able to be distinguished with more ease. [1] A. W. Eaton. ‘A Sensible Antiporn Feminism’ Ethics, Vol 117, No.4, Symposium on Education and Equality (July 2007) [2] Tabatha Leggett. ‘Can pornography be art?’ (New Statesman) http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2013/06/can-pornography-be-art#main-content [3] Jerrold Levinson. ‘Erotic Art and Pornographic Pictures’ Philosophy and Literature, Volume 29, Number 1, April 2005 (The Johns Hopkins University Press) pp 229-230 [4] Sigmund Freud. Civilization and its Discontents (Standard Edition, Volume 21). London: Hogarth Press and the Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1961 pp 83 [5] Roger Scruton. Beauty. (Oxford: Oxford University Press 2009) [6] Elliott, George P. ‘Against Pornography.’ Perspectives on Pornography. Ed. Douglas Hughes. New York: St Martin’s  Press, 1970. Pp 74-5 [7] Lynda Nead. The Female Nude: Pornography, Art and Sexuality, Signs, Vol.15, No.2 (Winter, 1990) (The University of Chicago Press) pp 325 [8] Hans Mae. Drawing the Line: Art vs Pornography, Philosophy Compass (2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd) pp 386 [9] Arthur Schopenhaur. The World as Will and Representation. 1 vol. Trans. E.F. J. Payne. New York: Dover, 1965 pp 207-8 [10] Lord Longford. Pornography: the Longford Report (London: Coronet, 1972) 99-100 [11] Tate Britain. Turner Prize 2002: Shortlisted artists, Fiona Banner http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-britain/exhibition/turner-prize-2002/turner-prize-2002-shortlisted-artists-fiona [12]The British Museum. Shunga: sex and humour in Japanese art, 1600-1900 http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/research_projects/all_current_projects/shunga_japanese_art_1600-1900.aspx [13] Yaman Akdeniz. The Regulation of Pornography and Child Pornography on the Internet (Journal of Information, Law and Technology 1997 (1)) http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/law/elj/jilt/1997_1/akdeniz1/ [14] Matthew Kieran. Pornographic Art, Philosopy and Literature, Volune 25, Number 1, April 2001 (The Johns Hopkins University Press) pp 35 [15] Matthew Kieran. Pornographic Art, Philosopy and Literature, Volune 25, Number 1, April 2001 (The Johns Hopkins University Press) pp 44 [16] Matthew Kieran. Pornographic Art, Philosopy and Literature, Volune 25, Number 1, April 2001 (The Johns Hopkins University Press) 37 [17] Jerrold Levinson. ‘Erotic Art and Pornographic Pictures’ Philosophy and Literature, Volume 29, Number 1, April 2005 (The Johns Hopkins University Press) pp 234 [18] Nigel Reynolds. ‘Turner Prize exhibition makes art a dirty word’ (The Telegraph 2002) http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1411671/Turner-Prize-exhibition-makes-art-a-dirty-word.html [19] Section 48 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2003/42/section/48 [20] United Nations Human Rights. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/OPSCCRC.aspx [21] John Carr. ‘A force to be reckoned with’ (The Guardian 2002) http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2002/nov/12/childrensservices.crime [22] Section 63 Criminal Justice and Immigration Act 2008 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2008/4/section/63 [23] R v Coutts (Graham) (Costs) [2007] 6 Costs L.R. 878 [24] Berger, Fred, ‘Pornography, Sex and Censorship.’ Social theory and Practice 4 (1977) pp 184 [25] Miller v California (1973) 413 U.S. 15 [26] Roth v United States (1957) 354 U.S. 476

Factors that Influece a Healthy Heart Essay -- Exercise, Health, Lifest

Healthy Hearts 1. Different ways in which exercise keeps your Heart Healthy. Cardiovascular System (preventing Angina and Cardiovascular diseases) Citizens who regularly exercise, significantly have less cardiovascular diseases such as Angina (which described in in image 1a is caused due poor blood flow through the blood vessels in the heart.) lowering their risk of heart attacks, strokes, and impotence. Regular exercise lowers blood pressure, raises the level of protective high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, stimulates weight loss, decreases inflammation and helps prevent blood clots. The Harvard Alumni Study found that the incidence of heart attack was proportionate to the amount of exercise performed. Men exercising less than 2,000 kcal a week had 64% higher risk of heart attack than those who exercised at higher rates. Another study showed that a three-month period of intense physical activity, can alternatively increase HDL cholesterol as much as 33% and decrease in LDL cholesterol as much as 9% reducing chances of Cardiovascular diseases. Even Non-intense exercises as much as 20 minutes of walking reduces 19% of such chances. b. Deduction in the Heart Rate (increase in lifespan) The average resting heart rate for an normal adult ranges between 60 to 100 beats per minute (The table below describes the pulse rates for different age groups). Generally, a lower heart rate implies a more efficient heart function and a better cardiovascular system. For example, a well-trained athlete might have a normal resting heart rate as low as 40 beats per minute. Researchers have also found that men with fast resting heart rates are more likely to develop high blood pressure symptoms than those with slower rates. Some sympto... ... - Heart & Circulatory System. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. . 3. http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/health/long-work-hours-extra-weight-women-article-1.1112902 Images- "How Angina Pectoris Occurs?" Health Giants RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. . 2. Vasagar, Jeevan, and Martin Williams. "Teachers Warned over Befriending Pupils on Facebook." The Guardian. Guardian News and Media, 24 Jan. 2012. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. . 3. "Running in Cork, Ireland." : Running Marathons May Cause Damage to Your Heart. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Mar. 2014. .

sayings of jesus :: essays research papers

THE HARD SAYINGS OF JESUS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CHAPTERS 1-20   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a Christian and a bible student there is on greater subject than Jesus. No other person has effected history more than Jesus; some say he was a prophet, some say he was a great teacher, and others just think he was crazy. But, to those of us who know him to be the Son of God it is very important to understand his teachings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout Jesus ministry on earth he made a number of statements that went misunderstood both then and now. However it is important as followers of Christ to understand the teachings of his ministry. The author of this book starts off with one of Jesus’ toughest sayings. The saying is found in John 6:53 were he says that, â€Å"unless you eat the flesh of the Son of man and drink his blood, you have no life in you.† To an orthodox Jew this comes off as pure heresy. The Law of Moses forbids cannibalism and drinking blood. However the writer explains this statement as a gradual revelation of who He was. The writer, F.F. Bruce started with the feeding of the 5,000 on (pg 21) and the walking on the water, then in a teaching in the synagogue about manna (Exodus 16:13-36 or Numbers11: 4-9). The story of the woman at the well, also pointed to the fact that Jesus was the Bread of Life and the Living water.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another saying of Jesus that proved his power and authority on earth to forgive sins found in Mark 2:10, â€Å"The Son of man has authority on earth to forgive sins.† This saying of Jesus occurred before the healing of the paralytic. He was lowered in to the house were Jesus was at by his four friends. The reason the author gave for this being a hard saying is that only a spokesmen of God could say that god has forgiven their sins and they did not see Jesus as such authority.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have noticed in Jesus ministry that he was often more strict than the Law; for example in Matthew chapter five Jesus makes a series of statements that start with, â€Å"For you have heard it was said ______ but I say______.† Jesus addresses the subjects of murder, adultery, divorce, oaths, and retaliation or vengeance. It is in these dialogs that it is painfully obvious that the Sadducees did not understand the law.

Mexican Immigrant Life and Americanization in the 1920’s

In his book, Major Problems in Mexican American History, Zaragosa Vargas describes the Mexican Immigrant experience from 1917-1928. He begins by assessing the Protestant religious experience for a Mexican in the early 1920’s, and then describes Mexican life in both Colorado in 1924 and Chicago in 1928. After defending Mexican Immigrants in 1929, he includes an outline of an Americanization program, followed by an anecdote of a Mexican immigrant in the 1920’s. Vargas uses these documents to show the evolvement of Americanization of Mexicans from a community goal to a societal demand. Vargas begins with the Mexican Immigrant experience in the early 1920’s, and describes it mostly as a community project spearheaded by the Church and called for the aid of volunteers. The children learned and studied English in school, so the programs focused mostly on courses in English for the wives and mothers of the community. These English courses consisted mostly of vocabulary for familiar and most frequently seen objects. Sunday schools resulted from this process, and in turn made way for the development of night schools, clinics, an employment bureau, and a boys and girl’s club. In Colorado in 1924, Mexicans played a respectable role in society as not only a decent part of the population, but also the labor force. Spanish-Americans took a notable part in politics, and were involved in many occupations that included mostly agriculture, mining, and steel works. The recreation was also important to Spanish-American life in Colorado; the somewhat newly developed buildings were a source of community for many. Mexicans in Chicago in 1928, Vargas argues, lived a very different lifestyle and endured different hardships than the Mexicans in the Southwest. They were a much smaller part of the community, consisting of small, well-defined neighborhoods and several smaller less defined colonies. These Mexicans lived in the poorest houses in these neighborhoods, and most buildings guaranteed poor living conditions for these families. Employment only came certain times during the year when demand for labor was high, and it was the Mexicans who suffered most when certain industries reduced labor. In the words of Anita Edgar Jones, â€Å"They are the last to arrive and the first to be laid off† (Vargas). Mexican Life in Chicago during this time period served as a temporary solution for many families as they moved from recent arrivals to a more desirable place with better opportunity as they became more established and stabilized. Some neighborhoods were poorly organized for recreation, and even lacked Spanish-speaking employees at their community or recreation centers. Communities also lacked a Spanish-speaking priest, which is evidently different from early Americanization programs implemented in the Southwest in the early 1920’s. After addressing and defending most of the problems of Mexican Immigration in 1929, Vargas moves on to an outline of a typical Americanization program in 1931, where the Mexican Immigrant experience evolved from a community project that supported and encouraged Mexican assimilation, to a list of demands and requirements for Mexican and Spanish Americans to be acceptable members of society. Vargas uses these documents to show the progression of assimilation of Spanish Americans and Mexican immigrants into American society in the 1920’s. The life of a Mexican Immigrant during this time was very taxing, and these Americanization programs were used as a tool to attempt to create a society that operated under certain ideologies and values. As a result, this created an even stronger division between cultures, and prevented assimilation of the two groups.

Comparrative Essay of Cooking Programs Essay

â€Å"Nigella Bites† And â€Å"Surfing the Menu† are two cooking programmes that share the same end result of delicious foods, but are very different in the contrasting aspects of social context, form and purpose which all help to reflect the cooking styles and personalities of their hosts. The atmosphere and contents of both shows generally appeal to the audiences of a different social status and/or age group. Set in Britain, the programme â€Å"Nigella Bites† appeals to an audience who belong to more of a winter climate. Each episode is formatted as a very comfortable and inviting home movie, using amateur camera work making it look more personal and family orientated. The show is filmed in Nigella’s own house and kitchen allowing her audience to feel welcomed. Images and visuals of illustrated foods and vibrant pink colours are shown throughout the opening credits with Jazz music engagingly flowing in the background. Many of her episodes begin with the view of a freezing British winter day/night and then follow onto Nigella being in the warmth of her own home. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† is a travelogue formatted programme set in Australia which promotes different towns and locations around the country in each episode. Along with catching/acquiring their own ingredients before cooking their meals, the hosts Curtis Stone and Ben O’Donoghue aka â€Å"Bender† also make sure to interact with the culture of each location they shoot in, making the Programme very relaxed as well as educational to the viewers. The opening credits consist of a range of photo shots and bright colours that go with the themes of the tourism and the outdoors. While the boys are traveling cameras makes sure to capture different angles and views of the scenery, including aerial views of the land around them. The atmosphere for each show is evidently contrasted; â€Å"Nigella Bites† is more of a matured cooking programme compared to the jovial attitude of â€Å"Surfing the Menu†. Both shows have very different exterior climates which appeal to different audiences: Nigella pursues the comforts of the indoor warmth compared to the blistering cold of its winters outside. This tends to attract those who like to spend their time inside during the cold/wet days, such as women and mothers living in a winter climate wanting to create more wholesome and warm meals for their friends and families. Nigella showcases a particular social lifestyle that represents the enjoyment involved in cooking and preparing meals for the ones that are dear to her. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† however attracts, and is more of a target to those who are more outgoing, young and interested in the experience of Australia’s summer cultures. Both international and Australians viewers are drawn in by the advertised beauty of the scenery captured during each episode because of all the multicultural nature and Australian cuisine involved, advertising tourism within the country. Nigella is portrayed as a very family orientated and homely person who always enjoys her food and loves to cook. She has a proper upper-class British accent and speaks in a husky, somewhat seductive voice. Nigella is currently in her late thirties and is seen as very sophisticated to her viewers, usually she cooks on her own but once her meal is cooked and ready she shows her serving and sharing the meals with her children and/or all of her family and friends. The way that she describes her ingredients and recipes along with the terminology she uses such as â€Å"stunning†, â€Å"simply beautiful† and â€Å"absolutely gorgeous† makes it sound as if she is in love with what she is making, the endearment and emphasis she puts in makes her so believable and intriguing. Nigella tends to mainly use informal measurements and verbs to describe what she is doing which remind you of how a mother figure would teach you how to cook. Ben and Curtis on the other hand are completely different to Nigella, ‘typical Aussie blokes’ is what they are stereotyped as. Both in their mid-twenties, always wearing informal and comfortable ‘beach clothing’ and using a lot of Australian ‘slang’ such as â€Å"Mate† and â€Å"Chuck it on the barbie† the boys give off a very relaxed and casual feeling to their viewers. The meals that Nigella prepares are heavy winter foods which are more time consuming but are perfect for those who have the time and love to cook. The â€Å"Surfing the Menu† recipes on the other hand are light summer foods that are quick and easy to prepare. Nigella makes sure her cupboards are full of all the different ingredients that she uses and she then gives her viewers an insight of the different things that she likes to always make sure she has stocked, what they can be used for and why they come in handy for her to have around. Curtis and Ben use ingredients that are imported into the local stores such as stir-fry noodles that they cook on an Australian barbeque, along with many other ingredients that they go out and personally collect from the local produce or catch on their own in each episode. As well as collecting their own ingredients from each place they visit, each meal they prepare always relates to the location they’re in making the programme even more entertaining and educational. Typical cooking program camera techniques are used throughout both programs â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† these techniques include: close-ups on the hands on action with the food preparation, and snap shots throughout the shows that are used to cut out the un-necessary preparation time and skip straight to the cooking, then to the completed meals. To show their personalities and connect with their audience both of the programmes hosts make sure to speak and look directly towards/into the camera whenever possible. â€Å"Surfing the Menu† also uses aerial shots during the car travels to capture the different scenery around them. Highlighted sounds of the cooking appliances and food being prepared are accompanied by soft music underneath throughout each episode in both â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† to draw more attention to what they are doing. The contrasting features between both â€Å"Nigella Bites† and â€Å"Surfing the Menu† such as; social context, form, purpose, audiences and the atmosphere differ due to the personalities and cooking styles of their hosts. Nigella’s show expresses her love for warm homely meals and cooking for her family and friends during the cold British winters and the programme is filmed as a home movie style, which gives off an inviting comfortable feel to her audience. Curtis and Ben’s show however, reflects on the adventures and experiences of local cultures during the warm Australian summer days and is filmed as a travelogue. Both of the programmes hosts have very similar camera etiquettes and happy/warm, engaging mannerisms.

Represents human nature Essay

The conscious decisions of people to act upon negative emotions, damages and ultimately destroys our relationships with fellow human beings. Gray explores this idea through ‘Poem to my Father’, a personal and confessional letter directed towards the persona’s father, whom is believed to be Gray’s father; a man who neglected Gray as a child as a result of his drinking, indifference and gambling. The persona believes that his father destroyed the paternal relationship and represents this through emotive language and words with negative connotations evoking emptiness and disconnection within ‘Poem to my Father’. ‘In you, now signifying nothing;†¦ That’s all there is to say. ’ The word ‘nothing’ displays the completeness of the disconnection while ‘all’ connotes an all-consuming idea. Thus when used together create the idea of all-consuming disconnection between the persona and his father. (Can talk about the use of punctuation. Full stop creates finality. )Gray contrasts the elements of nature with human nature in order to show humanity’s intrinsic destructive nature. This juxtaposition reveals the idea of nature destructing for replenishment, whereas humanity destructs subconsciously for satisfaction and self-fulfillment. Consequently the issue highlighted is that of human nature not allowing for complete satisfaction, resulting in a cycle of destruction for both the individual and the environment. Gray’s poem ‘Flames and Dangling Wire’ vividly explores the destruction of the natural environment due to humanity’s actions. ‘It is a man, wiping his eyes. Someone who worked here would have to weep†¦ Knowing all that he does about us, how can he avoid a hatred of men? ’ The imperative and emotive language tugs upon the reader’s heartstrings as the guilt of this man is placed upon the reader. The harsh imagery used earlier in the poem cumulates until this point of the poem, when responsibility is seen through the man’s pain. As a responder to the text, I believe that Gray recognizes this man’s innocence individually, as he tries to help through his work. Yet this man is still seen to be feeling the pain caused by the destruction of the environment, reflecting humanity’s responsibility as a whole and not simply a portion of the population. Gray therefore uses the didactic nature of his work to impart his value placed on the respect and protection of the environment. The selfishness of man is seen in the tenth stanza. ‘This is how it shall be after men have gone. It will be made of things that worked. ’ The future tense of this stanza assists in creating textual integrity and understanding within the poem. No matter the context of the reader, the future tense causes them to reflect upon their actions, furthering Gray’s didacticism within the text. The one phrase reflecting on the past within the stanza however, is ‘made of things that worked’. The idea portrayed by Gray is one of comparison. He compares the things ‘that worked’ – human’s creations which they have dumped – to nature’s creations and processes – things that will continue to work. Thus the comparison used by Gray is effective in exemplifying humanity’s short-term view and ultimately the intrinsic and often subconscious nature of destruction.

Boys Don’t Cry

The movie â€Å"Boys Don’t Cry† can be seen from a sociological perspective focusing on issues of sex, gender, identity and sexuality in a societal context that is set out in the movie. The whole-view or objective view of society can be imposed in a sociological way on the movie. Brandon/Teena as a character shows elements of being male but wants to be female, so there is conflict between his/her sex and gender.The movie overall can be compared to attitudes of sexual control and violence in a patriarchal society, in which transgendered and GBLT communities are excluded from the rest of society and isolated, and are also put under a special sort of scrutiny that goes past reasonable discretion. The violence in the movie â€Å"Boys Don’t Cry† is sort of sugar coated when compared to reality, unfortunately.Politically speaking, a liberal feminist might view Brandon/Teena’s death as motivated by the state, while a radical feminist might view the whole m ovie as a bourgeois concept, and the postmodern feminist may consider the meta-implications of the character’s death within a film based supposedly on true events, but in a way that has caused controversy. Sex and gender are very important to Brandon/Teena, and just as important to the characters who persecute him/her.Sexuality, sex, and gender are related to each other because they all describe in relative terms maleness and femaleness in individuals and the tendency to form male and female roles in societies. There are basic differences between these terms, even though they do inter-relate. Sex is about whether a person has the physical equipment and physiological tendencies of male or female; in this sense, it is not sex defined as the act of getting one’s kicks, but sex as it is filled out on a form, name/age/sex.Generally sex in this definition is either male or female, although there are those rare individuals who are true hermaphrodites, and there are also incre asing possibilities for trans gender individuals in this modern day. The trans gender identity can leave the borders of sex and gender intact. In these modern times, sex is for the most part an either/or proposition that is based on physiology. Gender, on the other hand, is based on culture and behavior rather than strictly on physiology. And sexuality is about what the individual likes or is attracted to.â€Å"Sex refers to biological differences, while gender refers to the cultural construction of male and female characteristics†¦ gender roles are the tasks and activities assigned by the culture to the sexes†¦ sexual orientation refers to a person’s habitual sexual attractions and activities†¦ Sexual norms vary considerably cross culturally and through time† (Sex, 2008). Film makers can present their stories any way they want, because it is a free society. It is up to the audience to choose which movies to see.After watching this movie, if I had a son like Brandon, I would let him do whatever he wanted in public or private, as long as he wasn’t hurting anyone. If his school kicked him out for wearing dresses, I would sue the school and stay on his side. You are supposed to love your children unconditionally. If my boy thought he was a girl, I wouldn’t be uptight about it or blame myself. REFERENCE Boys Don’t Cry and the Brandon Teena philosophy (2008). http://www. flickfilosopher. com/flickfilos/archive/001q/boysdontcrybrandonteena. html Sex vs. Gender (2008). http://www. indiana. edu/~lggender/sex-vs-gender. html

Anti Terrorism Legislation May Infringe Human Rights

Anti Terrorism Legislation May Infringe Human Rights Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Anti Terrorism Legislation May Infringe Human Right UK Anti- terrorism legislation of the past decade has been a passionately debated topic both within the media and the legislature itself. On one hand, it is argued that any nation should indeed encompass the ability to prevent any terrorist atrocity carried out against its people even if it is at the cost of human rights infringement. On the other hand, a tax on civil liberties has often been deemed an atrocity within its own rights and the recent influx of legislation has done nothing other than help with the evolution of global terrorism.   [ 1 ]    That the horrific events of September 11th 2001 changed the face of Terrorism is not at all in doubt. It was the end of the terrorism the world once knew as guerrilla violence for political gain. The violence administered on the New York skyscrapers was an unprecedented act which prompted an unprecedented reaction. Legislation in relation to terrorism in the UK was eagerly debat ed and following the 7th July 2005 it was accepted that the UK were not immune to attack thus facilitating the new legislation into position. Though anti-terrorist legislation has long existed in the UK and, much of which, has been incorporated within the recent developments, many new offences have also emerged creating a shift in the balance of power between the public and those forces responsible for administering the new legislation. Naturally there has been a significant increase in relation to the scope of police powers. Furthermore, the ‘Intelligence Communities’   [ 2 ]   have also capitalised in the power shift, especially in relation to covert intelligence gathering. To venture further into the effects of the recent developments to the legislation, it is important to analyse the current framework. A natural point of focus would be the definition of terrorist activity. Section 1 of the Terrorism Act 2000 outlines terrorist activity as: â€Å"the use or thre at of action where, the action involves serious violence against a person, serious damage to property, endangers a person’s life or creates a serious risk to the health or safety of the public.†Ã‚  The  Ã¢â‚¬Å"use or threat† must be â€Å"designed to influence the government or to intimidate the public†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   [ 3 ]    Section 2 of the same Act outlines a terrorist offender is someone who: â€Å"is or has been concerned in the commission, preparation or instigation of terrorism†Ã‚   [ 4 ]    Since the face of terror has changed to cell based networks, certain organisations are listed under the 2000 Act   [ 5 ]   as terrorist organisation, a recent addition to which has been Al-Qaeeda. A recent development emerging from the new legislation is the offence of organisations ‘glorifying’ terrorism being added to the list under s. 21 Terrorism Act 2006. This is not a question of whether such a provision is an intrusion on human r ights; free speech in particular, as it obviously is but rather to what extent is such taxation justifiable. Joining or rallying support of such proscribed groups is also a punishable offence under s. 12(1) of the 2006 Act. Arranging meeting and to address meeting of proscribed groups is also punishable under ss. 12(2) and 12(3) respectively. Even clothing worn in a manner that may raise suspicion that the wearer is a member of a proscribed group may earn a maximum penalty of 6 months imprisonment as per s.13 of the 2006 Act.

Operations Management of BP Plc (British Petroleum) Essay

Operations Management of BP Plc (British Petroleum) - Essay Example It also transforms capital into goods and services. Operational management allows firms, and companies to come up with strategies that help companies deal with new market entrants and main competitors. Each company has a distinct way of dealing with its operations (Merz & Sauber1995). Many companies come up with distinct names for their departments. BP is a multinational company which has a vibrant operational and management department. Problem definition BP has come under intense pressure due to competition from other major oil producing companies. The company needs to reinvent itself in order to maintain its profitability. BP is known to produce large amounts of oil. However, the large amounts of oil are not reflected in the amounts of revenues generated. The company is also facing the threats that range from new entrants to the established oil companies. There is need to consider the strategies that are needed to keep the company economically viable and competitive. Body BP Amoco is a leading oil industry aims at supplying petroleum products to its international marketplace. Operation administration has become an essential tool in the oil industry management techniques. Operation management makes sure these industries adhere to quality of work. BP also known as BP Amoco is located in London (Wulf 2012). It is a globally established petroleum and oil firm. The company began in 1901. The company was used in all exploration and was a source of oil for the royal navy (Business Week 2012). The company was founded by William Knox and found oil for the first time in 1908. In 1917, the UK administration became in charge of the industry, and planned to rename it to B P (Business Week 2012). BP expanded its market in the entire Europe and later merged with American Oil Company (AMOCO). BP has been using high quality operational management skills with have been the reason behind the firm’s success. BP is in service in over a hundred countries on to serve the int ernational market. BP focuses on drilling and discovering oil around the world (Scarborough & Spatarella1998).BP is paying attention to quality products. BP is setting achieve goals with a clear timeline. The company is closing down branches are considered to have declining revenues. Attention is paid to products which are consumer friendly. This has caused BP to rebrand and the initial step to create incentives to employees and to attract customers. BP is measuring quality and productivity through amount generated per barrel. The company explores unfinished lubricants, natural gas, refinement, distillation, selling, and delivery, along with manufacturing petroleum products (The Economist 2011). The company

Modernism in Design and Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modernism in Design and Architecture - Essay Example The paper "Modernism in Design and Architecture" states modernism and architecture. Ideally, the design will be embedded Jonathan Hill's notion of structure that is to expand the subject matter of planning and explore their interdependence. Traditionally, the purpose of design has been understood as the physical substances used in construction. For this reason, the proposed model will be a hybrid that incorporates the modern and traditional architecture to produce a cross breed that pushes the boundaries between subjects. Accordingly, this will facilitate an amalgam study that covers social, psychological, political, cultural history, art principles, and architecture. The application of a literal or phenomenal transparency in education facilitates communication between the players in a school setting. In his book Architecture the Subject Matter, Hill aims at expanding the subject and matter of architecture as well as examine their interdependence. In its centrality, the book goes bey ond the familiar boundaries of the discipline to reassess the building. In a deeper understanding, Hill depicts that architectural matter is not the physical fabric, but rather the components of an element such as the bricks, words, sound, blood cells, and pixels. From Hill's perspective, the personal perception, visualizing, and analysis of a situation is expounded by emphasizing on breaking the case into its essential elements to have a clear understanding of the situation before making recommendations or conclusions.

Godly Purpose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Godly Purpose - Essay Example As creatures created in God’s image, humans have a unique opportunity to fulfill divine purpose in their lives. Some never move beyond self-gratification and seek only to achieve worldly success measured by cultural conceptions. God created all humans in his image. This applies whether a person chooses to believe in God or not. God created humans to have a capacity for a relationship with him, to be able to think and feel affection and emotion, and with the ability to think, understand, and determine morality. From the very beginning, God’s plan included humans, with a desire to create a being that could relate to him. He said, â€Å"Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness,† indicating a purpose to his decisions that mankind â€Å"may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals, and over all the creatures that move along the ground† (New International Version, Genesis 1.26). One may never re alize the divine opportunity that humanity offers. Instead of embracing a life that honors God and fulfills his divine purpose, one may choose to accept a lifestyle that relies on cultural conceptions such as economics, social constructs, survival, sexuality, and self-gratification. ... not be even a hint of sexual immorality, or of any kind of impurity, or of greed, because these are improper for God’s holy people.  Nor should there be obscenity, foolish talk or coarse joking, which are out of place, but rather thanksgiving† (Eph 3.3-4). In addition to identifying activity and behaviors to avoid, God also provides a guide of what he expects if one is to live in a way that mirrors his image. Through the words of Paul, he communicates, â€Å"I urge you to live a life worthy of the calling you have received.  Be completely humble and gentle; be patient, bearing with one another in love.  Make every effort to keep the unity of the Spirit through the bond of peace† (Eph 4.1-3). In Romans, one is encouraged to â€Å"not conform to the pattern of this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind† (Rom 12.2). Throughout the Bible, God provides one with instruction and encouragement. Promises temper what may appear to be a daunting task to one encumbered by the intrinsic weaknesses and frailty of humankind. Paul communicates one such promise in a letter to the church at Corinthians, saying, â€Å"And we all, who with unveiled faces contemplate  the Lord’s glory, are being transformed into his image with ever-increasing glory, which comes from the Lord, who is the Spirit† (2 Cor 3.18). These promises provide one with hope, even when individual choices and actions make adhering to God’s design a challenge. The promises indicate that God understands and accepts the imperfections of humans as long as they are working toward his will. One must set an example for others to follow. The Bible uses the analogy of light to demonstrate how one can do this. Paul states, â€Å"For you were once darkness, but now you are light in the Lord. Live as children of

Transition to democracy in the Developing World Assignment

Transition to democracy in the Developing World - Assignment Example Cases of abuse of office, indepth corruption and weak systems that scuttle efforts of accountability are just some of the major challenges facing developing countries. Different groups of scholars have fronted views on how most of the countries in the developing world can transition to democracy. Among the areas which have been identified to be needing urgent redress to foster democracy include; history of that particular country, role of civil society and State capacity (Kaufman and Haggard 42-44). However, the wave of democratization also referred to by some scholars as the third wave of democratization brought out the fact that democracy is not only inclined to economic level of development. Considerable debates are currently unfolding on how and whether, institutional conditions, social, economic and structural factors impact on democratization prospects and also on how democratic political systems in these countries can be sustained. Democratization sequencing has fronted the idea of establishment of well functioning States and the rule of law as major prerequisites in democratization (Kaufman and Haggard 58). Taking Kenya as an example of one of the developing countries in Africa, we begin by analyzing the commitment to rule of law and the aspect of a well functioning State. In 2007 after general election, Kenya was in turmoil following a disputed presidential election. The opposition alleged that the incumbent had denied conceding defeat. This occurrence led to bloody skirmishes for nearly two months leading to lose of lives and displacement of populations. The electoral commission was blamed for allegedly announcing the results of a flouted election. In response to the preceding events, a deal was brokered between the incumbent and his closest rival in the just concluded disputed polls leading to the formation of a grand coalition government. First in

Attraction and Mate Selection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Attraction and Mate Selection - Essay Example Grochowski, 2006). No society encourages its members to select spouse with complete freedom. Moreover the problem with the kin marriage is that it can lead to undesirable genetic consequences in offspring which increases the chances of death before they even grow up. Exogamy is influenced by factors such as size, diversity and sex ratio of the community; it is thought that marriage is an institution that functions to preserve race, class, education and social distinction. The society in which a person lives determines its mate selection; some societies consider people who are related by birth and some consider people who live together in same households, other societies by adoption, marriage or clan. Wikes et al. further states that, in most of the societies a person marries outside one's nuclear family (exogamy) but is encouraged to marry to a member of one's own class, race or religion (endogamy). Thus exogamous group is small and endogamous group is large. In some societies both t hese groups can be equal too as when they are divided into clans and lineages. (2006) Sociological factors also play their part in mate selection. Looking at the homogamy theory, which supports the idea that like is attracted to like, thus people are more likely to choose a mate who is similar to them in many dimensions. "Homogamy theory states that people select mates who are like them in physical characteristics such as height and weight and psychological characteristics including intelligence, interest, attitude, values and personality" (Daniel T. Gilbert, Susan T. Fiske, Gardner Lindzey, 1998). In most of the families it is assumed that their children will marry within same race, status, religious affiliation and ethnic group. People usually search mates within their own race; norms with respect to race are strongly adhered to. Gilbert et al further explains that religion also plays an important part in this selection, in the orthodox, Jewish communities if the son or daughter married outside they were considered dead. People are said to be in same social class if they have similar education, occupation and occupational background. So with similar life experiences they share similar views and thus associate together in similar style of living. People prefer to marry in same socio-economic groups. Age also counts in mate selection as mostly a few years age difference is expected and the husband is considered to be older then wife in most of the societies. These are few common characteristics which people choose in making their mate selection. Psychological factors play an important part in mate selection. "The complementary needs theory states that two need are complimentary if one partners need also satisfies the need of other; for e.g. one enjoys being submissive and other dominant" (Chris Segrin, Jeanne Flora, 2005). The complimentary interaction between the two partners increases their attractiveness to each

Human Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Human Relations - Essay Example Researchers emphasized culture, interpersonal relations, and group coherence as the determinants of worker performance. Before industrial revolution the work was mostly performed by individual workers. Any particular skill was undertaken by an individual and was time consuming. As a result the productivity was low. With the industrial revolution the nature of work and the role of the worker underwent major changes. With the arrival of machines and factories, the production increased. Along with raw materials and capital, labor was also considered a part of the manufacturing process. The employers never considered how productivity was influenced by a worker's mental needs. As a result, motivation, social relations and working conditions were never considered important. Nevertheless it affected productivity in a major way. This movement had many followers like Keith Davis, Chris Argyris, Fred Herzberg, and Rensis Likert who assumed the underlying employee-employer harmony. They attributed restriction of output to the poor communication between workers and managers, and inadequate attention to the human side of worker. Elton Mayo (1880-1949), a Harvard professor trained in psychopathology and other researchers from Harvard University initiated what have become known as the Hawthorne Studies at the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric Company near Chicago. (The Human relations movement (circa 1929-1951))They wanted to study how the changes in physical working conditions affect employee productivity. The study revealed that even when the physical characteristics of the job like salary were declined, and employee complaints ignored, the productivity of the employees was not reduced. On the other hand there was an increase in productivity. This phenomenon was called as Hawthorne effect where the productivity of the employees who participate in the study increases only because of the attention they receive from the researchers. This discovery forms the basis of the human relations movement because it suggests that employees are highly motivated to work better when they feel important and when their work is recognized. Over the years Hawthorne effect has been successfully used by managers to increase productivity. Implementation of "self-study committees, announcing surprise audits, establishing task forces of various kinds, and in general, keeping the workers tied up with busy-work that has the appearance of ongoing research" was undertaken. Mayo stated that the reason workers are motivated by such things is that individuals have a deep psychological need to believe that their organization cares about them, is open, concerned, and willing to listen. (The Human relations movement (circa 1929-1951)) According to mayo there should be a friendly relation between the employers and workers. At the same time the employers should consider the human values first and not the quality of the work. The employees' opinion about their work and working conditions must be taken into consideration. Further any changes in the organization must take into consideration the employees' view. This became a predominant philosophy and many theories sprung up

Accounting theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting theory - Assignment Example October: At the directors’ meeting it was decided to allot shares in full to the applicants who had paid the full amount and proportionally to all the remaining applicants. According to the company’s constitution, all surplus money from application can be transferred to Allotment and Call accounts. February 15: As provided for in the constitution, the directors decided to forfeit these â€Å"C† ordinary shares. The constitution further provided for any surplus on resale, after satisfaction of unpaid calls, accrued interest and costs, to be returned to the former shareholders. This is in line with the notice usually given by the board of directors lasting fourteen days after which the defaulting members will lose their shares through forfeiture (Leo, Hoggett, & Sweeting 2012). February 20: The Company offered ordinary shareholders 1 option (at a price of $1 per option), for every 3 shares held. Each option entitled the holder to buy 1 â€Å"D† ordinary share at a price of $1.50 per share, exercisable on 1

Investigating electric potential Essay Example for Free

Investigating electric potential Essay A graph of V against 1/d gives a straight line with positive slope from x=0. 05m. It shows that the electric potential measured by the probe is inversely proportional to the distance of the probe from the surface of the sphere. Discussion:   A voltmeter or a CRO cannot be used to measure the electric potential at a point in the air because both instruments draw a small current to produce a deflection and this will disturb the electric field.   With no flame, the probe may acquire an induced charge and thus affect the field around it, altering the potential at the needle. Therefore, a flame probe is used. It produces positive and negative ions which discharge the needle so that the needle becomes uncharged due to neutralization. Since the needle is now neutralized, its potential is the same as the original potential. Sources of error: When measuring the distance of the probe from the centre of the sphere, a piece of string with a mass attached was dropped from the sphere for locating the zero mark of the meter ruler. This may not be accurate as the sting may not be vertically below the centre of the sphere   Precautions: 1. The wire which connects the needle and the electroscope cannot touch the bench or any other earthed conductor. This is to prevent charge leakage. 2. The charged sphere must be well away from the walls and the bench top as the induced charges on these objects will upset electric field. Conclusion:   Between two parallel plates: the electric potential remains constant at constant distance from the metal plates the electric potential is proportionally to the distance from the earthed plates   Around a charged sphere: the electric potential remains constant at constant distance from the centre of sphere the electric potential is inversely proportionally to the distance from the surface of sphere