Chronology of Ancient Mesopotamian Kings of Sumeria

Sequence of Ancient Mesopotamian Kings of Sumeria Mesopotamia, the Land Between Two Rivers, was situated in present-day Iraq and Syriaâ and was home to one of the most old human advancements: the Sumerians. Between the Tigris and Euphrates waterways, Sumerian urban areas, for example, Ur, Uruk, and Lagash give the absolute soonest proof of human social orders, alongside the laws, composing, and horticulture that made them work. Sumeria in southern Mesopotamia was countered by Akkad (just as Babylonia and Assyria) in the north. Opponent traditions would move the focal point of intensity starting with one city then onto the next more than a huge number of years; the Akkadian ruler Sargon joined the two social orders during his rule (2334-2279 B.C.) The fall of Babylon to the Persians in 539 B.C. saw the finish of indigenous standard in Mesopotamia, and the land was set apart by further victories by Alexander the Great, the Romans, and before going under Muslim guideline in the seventh Century. This rundown of old Mesopotamian lords originates from John E. Morby. Notes dependent on Marc Van De Mieroops. Sumerian Timelines First Dynasty of Ur c. 2563-2387 B.C. 2563-2524... Mesannepadda 2523-2484... Aannepadda 2483-2448... Meskiagnunna 2447-2423... Elulu 2422-2387... Balulu Line of Lagash c. 2494-2342 B.C. 2494-2465... Ur-Nanshe 2464-2455... Akurgal 2454-2425... Ennatum 2424-2405... Enannatum I 2402-2375... Entemena 2374-2365... Enannatum II 2364-2359... Enentarzi 2358-2352... Lugal-anda 2351-2342... Uru-inim-gina Line of Uruk c. 2340-2316 B.C. 2340-2316... Lugal-zaggesi Line of Akkad c. 2334-2154 B.C. 2334-2279... Sargon 2278-2270... Rimush 2269-2255... Manishtushu 2254-2218... Naram-Suen 2217-2193... Shar-kali-sharri 2192-2190... political agitation 2189-2169... Dudu 2168-2154... Shu-Turul Third Dynasty of Ur c. 2112-2004 B.C. 2112-2095... Ur-Nammu 2094-2047... Shulgi 2046-2038... Amar-Suena 2037-2029... Shu-Suen 2028-2004... Ibbi-Suen (The last ruler of Ur. One of his commanders, Ishbi-Erra, built up an administration in Isin.) Line of Isin c. 2017-1794 B.C. 2017-1985... Ishbi-Erra 1984-1975... Shu-ilishu 1974-1954... Iddin-Dagan 1953-1935... Ishme-Dagan 1934-1924... Lipit-Ishtar 1923-1896... Ur-Ninurta 1895-1875... Bramble Sin 1874-1870... Lipit-Enlil 1869-1863... Erra-imitti 1862-1839... Enlil-bani 1838-1836... Zambiya 1835-1832... Iter-pisha 1831-1828... Ur-dukuga 1827-1817... Sin-magir 1816-1794... Damiq-ilishu Line of Larsa c. 2026-1763 B.C. 2026-2006... Naplanum 2005-1978... Emisum 1977-1943... Samium 1942-1934... Zabaya 1933-1907... Gunnunum 1906-1896... Abi-sare 1895-1867... Sumu-el 1866-1851... Nur-Adad 1850-1844... Sin-iddinam 1843-1842... Sin-eribam 1841-1837... Sin-iqisham 1836... Silli-Adad 1835-1823... Warad-Sin 1822-1763... Edge Sin (most likely an Elamite. He crushed an alliance from Uruk, Isin, and Babylon and obliterated Uruk in 1800.)

How To Calculate the Margin of Error

The most effective method to Calculate the Margin of Error Commonly political surveys and different uses of measurements express their outcomes with a room for give and take. It isn't remarkable to see that an assessment of public sentiment expresses that there is support for an issue or up-and-comer at a specific level of respondents, in addition to and less a specific rate. It is this in addition to and short term that is the room for mistakes. In any case, how is the room for mistakes determined? For a basic arbitrary example of an adequately huge populace, the edge or mistake is extremely only a repetition of the size of the example and the degree of certainty being utilized. The Formula for the Margin of Error In what tails we will use the equation for the room for mistakes. We will get ready for the most pessimistic scenario conceivable, in which we have no clue what the genuine degree of help is the issues in our survey. In the event that we had some thought regarding this number, potentially through past surveying information, we would wind up with a littler wiggle room. The equation we will utilize is: E zî ±/2/(2√ n) The Level of Confidence The principal snippet of data we have to ascertain the room for mistakes is to figure out what level of certainty we want. This number can be any rate under 100%, however the most widely recognized degrees of certainty are 90%, 95%, and 99%. Of these three the 95% level is utilized most every now and again. In the event that we take away the degree of certainty from one, at that point we will get the estimation of alpha, composed as ÃŽ ±, required for the recipe. The Critical Value The subsequent stage in ascertaining the edge or blunder is to locate the fitting basic worth. This is demonstrated by the term zî ±/2 in the above recipe. Since we have expected a basic arbitrary example of a huge populace, we can utilize the standard typical circulation of z-scores. Assume that we are working with a 95% degree of certainty. We need to look into the z-score z*for which the territory between - z* and z* is 0.95. From the table, we see that this basic worth is 1.96. We could have additionally discovered the basic incentive in the accompanying manner. On the off chance that we think as far as ÃŽ ±/2, since ÃŽ ± 1 - 0.95 0.05, we see that ÃŽ ±/2 0.025. We presently search the table to discover the z-score with a territory of 0.025 on its right side. We would wind up with the equivalent basic estimation of 1.96. Different degrees of certainty will give us distinctive basic qualities. The more prominent the degree of certainty, the higher the basic worth will be. The basic incentive for a 90% degree of certainty, with a relating ÃŽ ± estimation of 0.10, is 1.64. The basic incentive for a 99% degree of certainty, with a relating ÃŽ ± estimation of 0.01, is 2.54. Test Size The main other number that we have to utilize the recipe to compute the safety buffer is the example size, meant by n in the equation. We at that point take the square foundation of this number. Because of the area of this number in the above recipe, the bigger the example size that we use, the littler the room for give and take will be. Huge examples are consequently desirable over littler ones. In any case, since measurable examining requires assets of time and cash, there are limitations to the amount we can expand the example size. The nearness of the square root in the recipe implies that quadrupling the example size will just a large portion of the room for give and take. A Few Examples To understand the recipe, let’s take a gander at two or three models. What is the room for mistakes for a basic arbitrary example of 900 individuals at a 95% ​level of confidence?By utilization of the table we have a basic estimation of 1.96, thus the wiggle room is 1.96/(2 √ 900 0.03267, or about 3.3%.What is the safety buffer for a basic irregular example of 1600 individuals at a 95% degree of confidence?At a similar degree of certainty as the principal model, expanding the example size to 1600 gives us a wiggle room of 0.0245 or about 2.5%.

How to Write an Introduction for a Psychology Paper

How to Write an Introduction for a Psychology Paper Student Resources APA Style and Writing Print How to Write an Introduction for a Psychology Paper By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on September 17, 2019  JHU Sheridan Libraries/Gado/Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers In This Article Table of Contents Expand Research Outline Introduce Summarize Hypothesis Writing Tips View All Back To Top The purpose of an introduction in a psychology paper is to justify the reasons for writing about your topic. Your goal in this section is to introduce the topic to the reader, provide an overview of previous research on the topic and identify your own hypothesis.  Before you even begin. Start Your Psychology Paper Introduction by Researching Your Topic Search a journal database, such as PsychInfo or ERIC, to find articles on your subject. Once you have located an article, look at the reference section to locate other studies cited in the article. As you take notes from these articles, be sure to write down where you found the information. A simple note detailing the authors name, journal, and date of publication can help you keep track of sources and avoid plagiarism. Create a Detailed Outline This is often one of the most boring and onerous steps, so students tend to skip outlining and go straight to writing. Creating an outline might seem tedious, but it can be an enormous time-saver down the road and will make the writing process much easier. Start by looking over the notes you made during the research process and consider how you want to present all of your ideas and research. How to Write an Outline in APA Format Introduce the Topic Once you are ready to write your introduction, your first task is to provide a brief description of the research question. What is the experiment or study attempting to demonstrate? What phenomena are you studying? Provide a brief history of your topic and explain how it relates to your current research. As you are introducing your topic, consider what makes it important? Why should it matter to your reader? The goal of your introduction is not only to let your reader know what your paper is about, but also to justify why it is important for them to learn more. If your paper tackles a controversial subject and is focused on resolving the issue, it is important to summarize both sides of the controversy in a fair and impartial way. Consider how your paper fits in with the relevant research on the topic. Summarize Previous Research The second task of your introduction is to provide a well-rounded summary of previous research that is relevant to your topic. So, before you begin to write this summary, it is important to research your topic thoroughly. Finding appropriate sources amid thousands of journal articles can be a daunting task, but there are several steps you can take to simplify your research. If you have completed the initial steps of researching and keeping detailed notes, writing your introduction will come much easier. It is important to give the reader a good overview of the historical context of the issue you are writing about, but do not feel like you have to provide an exhaustive review of the subject. Focus on hitting the main points and try to include the most relevant studies. You might describe the findings of previous research and then explain how the current study differs or expands upon earlier research. Provide Your Hypothesis Once you have summarized the previous research, explain areas where the research is lacking or potentially flawed. What is missing from previous studies on your topic? What research questions have yet to be answered? Your hypothesis should lead to these questions. At the end of your introduction, offer your hypothesis and describe what you expected to find in your experiment or study. Tips for Writing Your Psychology Paper Intro Use 3x5 inch note cards to write down notes and sources.Look in professional psychology journals for examples of introductions.Remember to cite your sources.Maintain a working bibliography with all of the sources you might use in your final paper. This will make it much easier to prepare your reference section later on.Use a copy of the APA style manual to ensure that your introduction and references are in proper APA format.

Essay on Persian Gulf War - 3474 Words

The Persian Gulf is one of the few regions whose importance to the United States is obvious. The flow of Gulf oil will continue to be crucial to the economic well-being of the industrialized world for the foreseeable future; developments in the Gulf will have a critical impact on issues ranging from Arab-Israeli relations and religious extremism to terrorism and nuclear nonproliferation. Every president since Richard Nixon has recognized that ensuring Persian Gulf security and stability is a vital U.S. interest. The Clinton administrations strategy for achieving this goal during the presidents first term was its attempted quot;dual containmentquot; of Iraq and Iran. This is more a slogan than a strategy, however, and the policy may†¦show more content†¦Hence no U.S. Gulf policy will satisfy everyone in every respect. That makes it all the more essential that any adjustment in U.S. policy toward Iraq and Iran be preceded by extensive consultations with friendly Gulf leaders. Inadequate dialogue and unilateral action have caused some insecurity in the region and weakened trust in U.S. steadfastness. When the British withdrew from the Persian Gulf in 1971, the United States became the principal foreign power in the region. For almost three decades it has pursued the goal of preserving regional stability, using a variety of means to that end, particularly regarding the northern Gulf powers of Iraq and Iran. At first the United States relied on Iran as its chief regional proxy, supporting the shahs regime in the hope that it would be a source of stability. This policy collapsed in 1979 with the Iranian Revolution, when Iran switched from staunch ally to implacable foe. During the 1980s, the United States strove to maintain a de facto balance of power between Iraq and Iran so that neither would be able to achieve a regional hegemony that might threaten American interests. The United States provided some help to Iraq during the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-88, moved in other ways to counter the spread of Iranian-backed Islamic militancy, and provided--with Israeli encouragement--some help to Iran,Show MoreRelatedThe Issue Of The Persian Gulf War3306 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction: The Persian Gulf War is one of the most recognized wars in our history of war. The Persian Gulf War included Iraq and Kuwait, and would later involve the United States. For a war to occur there must be a just cause. The United States government needed a just cause to go to war with Iraq in the Persian Gulf War. For the purposes of this paper a question that must be answered is; did the United States have a just cause to go to war with Iraq? In order to answer this question there mustRead MorePersian Gulf And Iraq War1089 Words   |  5 PagesDecember 9, 2015 Persian Gulf Iraq War The Persian Gulf/ Iraq War was one of the longest wars in American history. The Iraq War alone lasted nine years, and the Persian Gulf War lasted a little over a year. Many veterans faced hardships upon returning home. These hardships include: illness, homelessness, and unemployment in the midst of one of America s worst economic depressions in history. Shouldn t veterans be treated better? The Persian Gulf War, otherwise known as the Gulf War was an internationalRead MoreThe Persian Gulf War And The Arab War1365 Words   |  6 PagesPersian Gulf War A brief history of the middle east and the nation of Iraq prior to the Persian Gulf War will help explain why the Persian Gulf War was viewed as necessary by the allied countries. The formation of a coalition of countries, the use of innovative military equipment, and strategic military operations helped the allied forces secure victory in the Persian Gulf War. The effects of this victory and subsequent conflict have changed our world as we know it. The Persian Gulf is one ofRead MoreThe Persian Gulf War Essay907 Words   |  4 Pages The Persian Gulf War The war in the Persian Gulf was a war of religious favor, cruel leadership, and greed. Desert Storm or more commonly known ass The Golf War was the same type of war that had accrued in this area for many years except for one fact. In Operation Desert Storm, it was a mix of sophisticated technology and the combined leadership and cooperation from the coalition that was used to end the war in a quick and timely manner. Which in the end probably saved thousands of lives. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;InRead More Persian Gulf War Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pages The Persian Gulf War all started because of one country’s greed for oil. Iraq accused Kuwait of pumping oil and not sharing the benfits, and Kuwait was pumping more oil than allowed under quotas set by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, it decreased the price of oil, Iraqs main export. Iraqs complaints against Kuwait grew more and more harsh, but they were mostly about money. When Iraqi forces began to assemble near the Kuwaiti border in the summer of 1990, several Arab statesRead More The Persian Gulf War Essay example3203 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction Wars have been apart of this world almost as long as anything else has. Even in the Bible days there are records of wars. There are many reasons that states choose to go to war. Sometimes it is for the expansion of a nation or state, other times it is for financial gains, and it also could be for security or defense purposes. Whatever the case may be, wars have been apart of human life and will always be. There were no differences when it came to the Persian Gulf War. This war involved theRead MoreA Brief Look at the Persian Gulf War1479 Words   |  6 PagesPersian Gulf War, also called Gulf War, (1990–91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait, and expanding Iraqi power in the region1. The Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein cl aimed as a reason for the invasion a territorial dispute over the Shatt al-Arab, the waterway whichRead MoreEssay about The Persian Gulf War3279 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Wars have been apart of this world almost as long as anything else has. Even in the Bible days there are records of wars. There are many reasons that states choose to go to war. Sometimes it is for the expansion of a nation or state, other times it is for financial gains, and it also could be for security or defense purposes. Whatever the case may be, wars have been apart of human life and will always be. There were no differences when it came to the Persian Gulf War. This war involved theRead MoreU.s. Involvement During The Persian Gulf War1374 Words   |  6 Pages1st Persian Gulf War â€Å"One of the good things about the way the Gulf War ended in 1991 is, you d see the Vietnam veterans marching with the Gulf War veterans† (George H. W. Bush). President Bush stated that the Persian Gulf War was not fully supported by the soldiers who fought in the war. Gulf War veterans marched like Vietnam veterans because they also viewed the war as unjustified. Persian Gulf War veterans would say, â€Å"American soldiers lost their lives’ for oil.† The first Persian Gulf War startedRead More Causes and Effects of the Persian Gulf War Essay717 Words   |  3 PagesCauses and Effects of the Persian Gulf War The Persian Gulf War, often referred to as Operation Desert Storm, was perhaps one of the most successful war campaigns in the history of warfare. Saddam Hussein, leader of Iraq, invaded Kuwait in 1990. In 1991, after weeks of air strikes, US ground forces entered Iraq and Kuwait and eliminated Iraqi presence in 60 hours. Why Would Iraq invade Kuwait? Kuwait supplies much of the world’s oil supplies, and when Hussein invaded Kuwait, he controlled

Essay about Jezebels from The Handmaids Tale - 1412 Words

Margaret Atwood – The Handmaids Tale – Jezebel’s In this essay, I will discuss how the section of â€Å"jezebel’s† (chapter 31-39) contributes to the development of the novel of â€Å"The Handmaid’s Tale† (Margaret Atwood). The term â€Å"jezebel† derives from the Bible, as Jezebel was a woman who conveyed wickedness upon the kingdom of king Ahab. Also, the term jezebel is often used to describe a dissenting woman. The section of â€Å"jezebels† is significant in the novel of the handmaids tale, as it provides different views as to the importance of women, they roles etc, compared to the rest of the novel. This is one point amidst many which I will discuss in this essay. One of the most important issues that the â€Å"jezebels† sequence offers†¦show more content†¦This enables women not to become rebellious of the system, as you can only become rebellious with the power of language. The handmaids in Gilead are also deprived of their identity, as they are the possessions of the commanders, and so are named after they commanders e.g. â€Å"Offred† and â€Å"Offglen†. However, the jezebel sequence approaches the roles of women in a different manner. The club of jezebels demonstrates that men in Gilead approve of casual sex. The men are able to choose whom to have sex with, and the women are capable of having sex with numerous men, all of which are condemned by the society in the preceding chapters. The main reason why Gilead came about was because of sexual freedom and because of pornography and prostitution. The Commander says in chapter 32 that in the previous society sex was â€Å"too easy† and this made sex lose its true meaning creating what the commander says an â€Å"inhibiting feeling† or in other words no real feeling. However, this is exactly what is happening with the club of jezebel’s in which sex is easy to have. Again in jezebels, Atwood shows that in Gilead women are possessions of men. This is highlighted when The Commander takes Offred to the club of Jezebels. The Commander is â€Å"showing off† Offred in front of the other men showing that Offred is of his ownership. In the jezebel sequence The Commander is presented differently from theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Dystopia in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1098 Words   |  5 PagesThe Dystopia in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale Offred is a Handmaid in what used to be the United States, now the theocratic Republic of Gilead. In order to create Gileads idea of a more perfect society, they have reverted to taking the Book of Genesis at its word. Women no longer have any privileges; they cannot work, have their own bank accounts, or own anything. The also are not allowed to read or even chose who they want to marry. Women are taught that they should be subservientRead MoreSummary Of The Handmaid s Tale 1162 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish Literature Block F 3 September 2015 The Handmaid’s Tale: Moira In the novel, The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood examines a conservative society in which women’s rights are completely restricted and women are valued only for their ability to procreate. The world depicted in the novel is an exploration of a possible future, where the former United States is controlled by a warped theocracy called the Republic of Gilead. This dark dystopian tale is seen through the eyes of the narrator, â€Å"Offred†Read MoreThe Handmaid s Tale : Manipulation Of Power1516 Words   |  7 PagesPhotos Popular pages Community Contribute Watchlist Random page Recent changes Manipulation of Power in The Handmaid s Tale 116PAGES ON THIS WIKI View source Comments0 Anna Krainc Prof. Richards Gender in Literature 29 January 2013 Manipulation of Power in The Handmaid’s Tale The Handmaid’s Tale tells the story of a future dystopia where individuals use power from their position in society to manipulate others. The Commander, a high-up in Gilead’s hierarchy, initiates a forbidden, thoughRead MoreCharacter Analysis OfThe Handmaids Tale911 Words   |  4 Pages The Handmaid’s Tale written by Margaret Atwood is a dystopian society, and it takes place in the Republic of Gilead. Most women here have trouble getting pregnant due to unexplained causes. Although unknown, the most likely causes are pollution and radiation. In The Handmaid’s Tale, Margaret Atwood creates Offred, The Commander Fred, and Nick through direct description, action, and reaction. Atwood assigns these indicative colors as â€Å"black, for the Commander, blue, for the Commander’s Wife, andRead MoreTotalitarian Society In The Handmaids Tale By Margaret Atwood934 Words   |  4 PagesIn the book The Handmaids Tale by Margaret Atwood, the story’s s etting takes place in a totalitarian city, in which the government forces their will upon on the citizens and chooses what they will do in the future, especially for women. The decreasing birth rates causes the formation of this civilization, but the reader soon learn that the way the government tries to fix this problem is wrong, as it leads to more problems such as trust issues, and the inability to see others as equal. The charactersRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Handmaids Tale1229 Words   |  5 Pagesdystopia The Handmaid’s Tale, a woman named Offred feels she is losing control over everything in her life. Offred lives in the Republic of Gilead. A group of fundamentalists create the Republic of Gilead after they murder the President of the United States and members of Congress. The fundamentalists use the power to their advantage and restrict women’s freedom. As a result, each woman is assigned a specific duty to perform in society. Offred’s husband and child were taken away from her and she isRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale : Are Men And Blame?850 Words   |  4 PagesThe Handmaid’s Tale: Are Men to Blame? Women have been domesticated by men since the beginning of time. This role was given to women changing substantially as the years have gone by. It is still true that today there is a battle for equality of the sexes, and this novel by Margaret Atwood displays the harsh reality we continue to face in this male dominant society. Interestingly enough, this was written and published in the 80s and is still relevant today. Some believe that it is perfectlyRead MoreHandmaid Character Analysis1475 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout most of Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale, Moira is a character who refuses to be beaten down and conform to the new society that Gilead had created. She is one of only characters that is referred to by her real name, and this is because Moira never really becomes a Handmaid like the others. In lieu of the passivity that the other Handmaid’s come to have, she fights back against the new system. Her resistance can be seen not only in her attitude while she is a Handmaid, but in herRead MoreThe Handmaids Tale Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pagesdystopia The Handmaid’s Tale, a woman named Offred feels she is losing control over everything in her life. Offred lives in the Republic of Gilead. A group of fundamentalists create the Republic of Gilead after they murder the President of the United States and members of Congress. The fundamentalists use the power to their advantage and restrict women’s freedom. As a result, each woman is assigned a specific duty to perform in society. Offred’s husband and child are taken away from her and she isRead MoreThe Novel The Handmaid s Tale 1191 Words   |  5 Pageseffect of words, powerless and innocent as they are, depending on the one who combines them can have good and evil outcomes. In the hands of Margaret Atwood, she used her knowledge and different interpretation of words in her dystopian novel The Handmaid’s Tale in a very indirect and devi ous way making her novel a treasure hunt in search of these key words for the understanding of the novel. The novel takes place in Gilead, a very dark future of the United States, governed by a theocratic government

Chess †the game for everyone Free Essays

Chess is a board game for everyone. Chess is played on a square board of eight rows and eight columns. The color of the sixty-four squares alternate and is referred to as light squares and dark squares. We will write a custom essay sample on Chess – the game for everyone or any similar topic only for you Order Now The light squares are at the right hand of the rank nearest to each player, and the pieces are set out as shown in the diagram, with each queen on its own color. The pieces are divided by convention, into white and black sets. The game starts with 2 kings, 2 queens, 4 rooks, 4 bishops, 4 knights and 16 pawns. Chess demands you to think about which way to go to win against another side. In this writing I want to discuss the passages on the chessboard that players consider and calculate to win and when we consider life in the universe people do their best to obtain the same goals. Life is life. The specialness of the game is played by large numbers of ordinary and not so-ordinary people. Chess may even provide unusually clear examples of these various aspects of life. Because chess is an arena in which the tasks are entirely mental, where complete information is available to both players and their moves it can be recorded accurately. In this sense, chess may even illuminate aspects of life. When you play chess, all moves are up to you like life, you will find out your own limitations. A passionate claim without any evidence or argument can never support more than a statement of faith, but if it too is insistent it may betray a doubt about the real value of the game. Chess is quite reflective of the dimensions. The board, a finite realm of two dimensions, is similar to a finite view of the universe. Chess has two basic types of movements on this field: the finite players and the infinite players. The finites are the king, the pawn and the horse; who move in single bounds of a pre-established length. The infinites are the queen, the bishop and the rooks; who move in bound at any length, theoretically able to escape the two-dimensional limits imposed by the board. In life the queen is a good manager who always finds out the best way to achieve her key targets lead to checkmate. We’ll now examine the directions in which they may move. A pawn is biased. The fawn may only go straight unless altered in course by removing another piece at either of ts’ forward diagonals. The pawn starts out with the option of a two-square move, as if running out into battle, but then continues at a single square pace. In life the pawn is staff or employees who are loyal and dedicated to help the manager achieve his or her goal. A rook moves infinitely either forwards or sideways; the bishop is similar in movement to the rook, but is offset by 45 degrees. The queen is a precise super im position of the rook and the bishop. The king is a queen with a single square limit, or, simply put, a ring around itself. In fact, life is like a chessboard. People can justify their moves all they want, but they will be concerned and checkmated if they do not checkmate their opponent first. People live in a community and have to know how to exist in it. For example, to have a good life, an employee works hard and has the good relationship with colleagues. He or she has to follow the rules of a company as well as a society, and he or she also desires to have a better position in the workplace. As a result of this, he or she is a good player. Chess also has rich symbolism which the imaginative may develop, and it has often been used for the purpose of authors of improving essays. Chess moralities of this sort were abundant in the medieval era, but one feels that people are normally reading into chess the values they already possess. In life, there is no bad staff in the good manager’s eyes, he or she understands and grasps the employee’s ability to lay work properly. A slightly stronger claim is to say that chess is not just another part of life, but is a particularly worthy, rewarding or exemplary part. All chess players know its rewards, and its best players are more enthusiastic like Tarrasch’s famous quote: â€Å"Chess is a form of intellectual productiveness and intellectual productiveness is one of the greatest joys of human existence. † Because chess presents complex but unambiguous problems, psychological researchers have been very interested in chess. Chess is a key field for research in psychology, although chess players have not yet felt the benefit of many insights. The game of chess is not merely an idle amusement. Circumspection which surveys the whole chessboard, or scene of action; the relations of the several pieces and situations, the dangers they are respectively exposed to the several possibilities of their aiding each other. Caution is not to make our moves too hastily. This habit is best acquired by observing strictly the law of the game. For example, if you touch a piece, you must move it somewhere, if you set it down, you must let it stand. And it is therefore, best that these rules should be observed as the game. Look at chess, and you may find their truths about life: â€Å"The chess-board is the world, The pieces are the phenomena of the Universe, The rules of the game are what we call the laws of Nature, The player on the other side is hidden from us. † Thomas Huxley(1825-1895). The statements of Thomas Huxley and the illustrations of life above are as the powerful weapons/techniques to conquer this game of life, so cunningly complex, yet , my movement is centered, flowing and letting go. Without a doubt, it is my turn to move. I am the chess player not the chess piece. I have myself as my sole opponent in this chess of life. I am the sole barrier to my success if I will not do anything. How to cite Chess – the game for everyone, Essay examples

TSA and the Implementations of the Body Scanners in Airports

After America suffered a terrorist attack in 2001, drastic changes were introduced in commercial airports across the world. In the U.S Transportation Security Administration (TSA) and use of full body scanners at airport checkpoints was introduced by the government.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on TSA and the Implementations of the Body Scanners in Airports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since then, passengers have to be scanned for threat items thoroughly before boarding a plane. The introduction of these new measures brought about mixed reaction from passengers. Although, most of the passengers approved the body scanning others felt it was violation of their privacy right. In the paper, how scanners work, has been discussed. The problem of violation of pivacy and strategy to solve it has also been discussed. Introduction After the terrorist attacks of 2001, the US government had to respond on security me asures done in airports (Chad, 42). In response to this the federal government developed new legislation, that is, Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA). This act led to the establishment of Transportation Security Administration which was to boost security within the US airports. TSA had to recruit employees to supply all commercial airports with staff to improve security. Initially, TSA officials started with the use of private security screeners. During these initial stages of implementation, TSA was faced the problem of few staffs to screen passengers and their baggage. After a few months, TSA officials started using fully body scanners on passengers. These scanners improved the security checkup efficiency greatly as they could scan things which cannot be identified by other scanners. These scanners show the image of a person naked without clothes. These scanners thus have made it easier and quicker for TSA security officers to carry out thorough checkups on passengers . These fully body scanners have thus reduced significantly the long waits and queues experienced by passengers in commercial airports before. Although, these scanners have with them a lot of advantages on bases of time and accuracy, a great concern on privacy of passengers have become an issue. The issue of privacy on passengers has become a major problem against the full body scanners. Although, majority of the passengers agree on use of full body scanners, a number still perceive it as violation of personal right.Advertising Looking for term paper on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is because it portrays the naked features of a person. Another problem associated with full body scanners is the health risk of getting cancer. Although, there is not enough evidence to support the scanners to cause cancer, the radiations emitted from them pose a great risk. In the paper, discussion on how scanners work, p roblem of privacy and strategies to solve it are done. How body scanners work? There are different types of full body scanners used in the US commercial airports. The mainly used two include those based on backscatter X-ray technology and those which are based on millimeter wave technology. Backscatter uses X-ray scanners apply low power X-rays to illuminate a person’s body, forming an image from the generated reflection energy (Brain, 1). This scanners work on the basis of the lower the atomic number, the stronger the reflection. This is because our human bodies contain low atomic number, the results is a bright image. The other full body scanner type is the millimeter-wave technology. These scanners use short wavelength radio signals which are of a few millimeters (Brain, 1). The secret behind these scanners is that, these wavelength signals reflect strongly from conductive objects. This makes metallic objects reflect strong as compared to our bodies which are relatively we ak in moderating reflection. Thus, if a person is carrying a gun, the gun will show a more bright image as compared as to his body. This millimeter-wave technology is better than the backscatter X-ray scanners when it comes to health risks (Brain, 1). This is because the millimeter-wave scanners expose people to very low radiation as compared to the backscatter scanners. This makes them not to likely cause skin cancer as compared to backscatter scanners. Though, their effectiveness in scanning metallic things, full body scanners have some negatives. It is feared that it is hard for them to detect liquid matters or things hidden below the skin. Privacy Violation Problem Introduction of full body scanners in commercial airports, though effective and quick have led to the problem of personal privacy violation. The full body scanners portray a person’s appearance which is hidden by clothes. They expose the private features and appearance of an individual which some people strongl y feel is violation of their privacy right (Chad, 53). This has become a big challenge for TSA officials especially when passengers refuse the full body scanning to be done on them.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on TSA and the Implementations of the Body Scanners in Airports specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Those people, who oppose use of full body scanners to stripe passengers without any probable reason, see it as a violation of human right by the government. They argue that the government has no right to trespass the privacy of a person just to prevent the unknown (Bart, 5). These passengers feel that the government has gone too far when it made it a routine to be scanned in commercial airports. Although, over 50 percent of passengers think it is a good idea and feels comfortable, a certain percentage of passengers feel uncomfortable and thus dislike the idea (Bart, 5). In some cases, it has been reported of some passengers opting to travel to evade the full body scanning. The violation of privacy right is evident in some commercial airports where some TSA officers have been reported to use the scanned images as a form of pornography. When passengers get to know such kind of information, they will try to avoid the full body scanning by evading flying. TSA officers have also been reported to harass passengers who want to retain their privacy by refusing to undergo through full body scanning. These passengers are given the option of pat-down procedure but which has become more intense and goes further not to exclude private parts. Pat-down procedures have been changed so that those passengers not willing to undergo scanning will also be checked thoroughly. These pat-down are done by TSA officials of same sex as the passenger (Bart, 6). This is to enhance even checking of private parts for hidden weapons. These pat-down have gone too far such that TSA officials are allowed to use front part of their hands to check private parts of passengers. This has led to violation of a human right and seems as sexual assault. Petitions against full body scanners have been taken to court with no avail. The courts have characterized routine checkups at airports as warrantless and which are not prohibited by the constitution (National Research Council, 23). This airport checking have been made no optional thus for those not willing to undergo them they should avoid flying. The court recently ruled the airport searches as reasonable and a passenger should not be allowed to avoid them. This is because such a rule would encourage terrorists to attempt to penetrate security scanning. Thus, the court has allowed for no exception for passenger who do not want to undergo the full body scanning or the extensive pat-down. The courts have thus ignored the constitutional rights on personal privacy when it comes to checks in airports.Advertising Looking for term paper on homeland security? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategy applied by TSA to stop violation of human right Privacy issue about full body scanners has become a major problem for TSA with petitions against the scanners going to courts regularly. Airports have even reported a decrease of passengers in airports as they opt to travel and avoid the full body as well as baggage scanners. These scanning processes and checkups by TSA consume a lot of time forcing passengers to arrive even two hours before departure. TSA has thus been forced to adopt the strategy of using burled images. This is enabled by use of millimeter-wave technology and pat-down searches (Bart, 6). These millimeter-wave scanners have been developed not to show clear images of a naked person. They have been developed such that blur distinctive features like facial features are not recognized by scanners (Bart, 6). These filters also hinder a clear appearance of the passengers’ nakedness which prevents clear vision of their private body parts. These millimeter-wav e scanners are thus offering privacy to passengers as TSA scanners can only see burled images of passengers undergoing scanning. On the other hand, X-ray backscatter systems have been developed to apply computer algorithms. These computer algorithms portray images of passengers in a sketch form and still detect concealed weapons. These sketch images do not show body features of passengers clearly thus preventing their privacy. The TSA has also set the scanners in a way that the screener checking on passengers cannot see the individual that was imaged. The screener is also based in an enclosed space which cannot be accessed by the public. The screening system is also set in a way to have no capacity for image storage or sharing. The screeners are also prohibited to have with them any image recording items like cameras. Therefore, images are deleted immediately a passenger has passed the screening process. Currently, TSA is developing scanners which have the capability to identify thr eat items and respond automatically to them without necessary use of the whole body image (National Research Council, 87). Improvements on current scanners are underway with testing been done first. These modifications will enable scanners to show images of generic figures with boxes identifying threats to screeners instead of portraying actual body images. TSA is thus making a big progress in ensuring passengers privacy is prevented while still efficiently scanning for threat items on passengers’ bodies. Conclusion Though the government has improved security in commercial airports within US, introduction of TSA and implementation of full body scanners has led to problems. Although most of the passengers are happy about full body scanners and feel more secure when flying, some passengers has seen this as a violation of their human right. Use of full body scanners has thus brought about mixed reaction among passengers. Court petitions against use of full body scanners have bee n ruled out even though they violate a constitutional right of personal privacy. TSA has thus taken it their responsibility to address the issue of privacy violation on passengers. TSA has applied the strategy of scanning passengers through use of burled images that do not reveal actual nakedness of passengers. TSA has thus modified scanners to accommodate for privacy of passengers. By doing this, TSA will reduce scanning resistance from passengers as their privacy is protected. This will also encourage those passengers who have not been flying on fear of privacy violation and health risk to feel secure again to fly. Works Cited Bart, Elias. â€Å"Changes in Airport Passenger Screening Technologies and Procedures: Frequently Asked Questions.† Congressional Research Service. 26 Jan. 2011. Web. Brain, M. How Airport Full-Body Scanners Work – and the huge debate around the TSA right now. HowStuffWorks, Inc., 17 Nov. 2010. Web. Chad, C. Homeland Security Department: FY 201 1 Appropriations. Philadelphia: DIANE Publishing, 2011. Print. National Research Council. Assessment of millimeter-wave and terahertz technology for detection and identification of concealed explosive and weapons. New York: National Academies Press, 2007. 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